Notch Initiates the Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in the Atrioventricular Canal through Autocrine Activation of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase

Chang, Alex Chia Yu; Fu, YangXin; Garside, Victoria C.; Niessen, Kyle; Chang, Linda; Fuller, Megan; Setiadi, Audi; Smrz, Justin; Kyle, Alastair H.; Minchinton, Andrew I.; Marra, Marco A.; Hoodless, Pamela A.; Karsan, Aly

doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2011.06.022

Cited by 150 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…IF was performed as described (Chang et al, 2011). The primary antibody was rabbit anti-mouse SOX9 (Millipore AB5535; 1:600) and the secondary antibody was anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488 or 594 (Thermo Fisher Scientific).…”

Section: Immunofluorescence and In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

SOX9 modulates the expression of key transcription factors required for heart valve development

et al. 2015

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Heart valve formation initiates when endothelial cells of the heart transform into mesenchyme and populate the cardiac cushions. The transcription factor SOX9 is highly expressed in the cardiac cushion mesenchyme, and is essential for heart valve development. Loss of Sox9 in mouse cardiac cushion mesenchyme alters cell proliferation, embryonic survival, and valve formation. Despite this important role, little is known about how SOX9 regulates heart valve formation or its transcriptional targets. Therefore, we mapped putative SOX9 binding sites by ChIP-Seq in E12.5 heart valves, a stage at which the valve mesenchyme is actively proliferating and initiating differentiation. Embryonic heart valves have been shown to express a high number of genes that are associated with chondrogenesis, including several extracellular matrix proteins and transcription factors that regulate chondrogenesis. Therefore, we compared regions of putative SOX9 DNA binding between E12.5 heart valves and E12.5 limb buds. We identified context-dependent and context-independent SOX9-interacting regions throughout the genome. Analysis of contextindependent SOX9 binding suggests an extensive role for SOX9 across tissues in regulating proliferation-associated genes including key components of the AP-1 complex. Integrative analysis of tissuespecific SOX9-interacting regions and gene expression profiles on Sox9-deficient heart valves demonstrated that SOX9 controls the expression of several transcription factors with previously identified roles in heart valve development, including Twist1, Sox4, Mecom and Pitx2. Together, our data identify SOX9-coordinated transcriptional hierarchies that control cell proliferation and differentiation during valve formation.

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Section: Immunofluorescence and In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

SOX9 modulates the expression of key transcription factors required for heart valve development

et al. 2015

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“…Mouse embryos lacking ALK1, ALK5, TGF‐β type 2 receptor, or endoglin die during midgestation because of impaired vascular development,12 further highlighting the significance of TGF‐β signaling in the vascular system. In addition, TGF‐β signaling is also the major signal driving EndMT through the major transcription factors Snail and Slug,5 which are also modulated by Notch and other pathways 22, 23. Although each of these signaling pathways is essential for vascular development, coordinated regulation of ECs through signaling pathway interactions guarantees normal vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis 24.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miR‐342‐5p Is a Notch Downstream Molecule and Regulates Multiple Angiogenic Pathways Including Notch, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling

Yan

Cao

Liang

et al. 2016

JAHA

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BackgroundEndothelial cells (ECs) form blood vessels through angiogenesis that is regulated by coordination of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Notch, transforming growth factor β, and other signals, but the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Methods and ResultsSmall RNA sequencing initially identified miR‐342‐5p as a novel downstream molecule of Notch signaling in ECs. Reporter assay, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis indicated that miR‐342‐5p targeted endoglin and modulated transforming growth factor β signaling by repressing SMAD1/5 phosphorylation in ECs. Transfection of miR‐342‐5p inhibited EC proliferation and lumen formation and reduced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, as assayed by using a fibrin beads–based sprouting assay, mouse aortic ring culture, and intravitreal injection of miR‐342‐5p agomir in P3 pups. Moreover, miR‐342‐5p promoted the migration of ECs, accompanied by reduced endothelial markers and increased mesenchymal markers, indicative of increased endothelial–mesenchymal transition. Transfection of endoglin at least partially reversed endothelial–mesenchymal transition induced by miR‐342‐5p. The expression of miR‐342‐5p was upregulated by transforming growth factor β, and inhibition of miR‐342‐5p attenuated the inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor β on lumen formation and sprouting by ECs. In addition, VEGF repressed miR‐342‐5p expression, and transfection of miR‐342‐5p repressed VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 expression and VEGF‐triggered Akt phosphorylation in ECs. miR‐342‐5p repressed angiogenesis in a laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization model in mice, highlighting its clinical potential.ConclusionsmiR‐342‐5p acts as a multifunctional angiogenic repressor mediating the effects and interaction among angiogenic pathways.

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“…In human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells, the activation of Notch induces the expression of the NO receptor, soluble guanylyl cyclase heterodimer, guanylate cyclase 1 soluble α 3 (GUCY1α3) and GUCY1β3 (78). Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B-dependent phosphorylation/activation of eNOS was observed in HUVEC cells.…”

Section: C B Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nitric oxide synthase deficiency on a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 12 expression in mouse brain samples

Lendeckel¹,

Wolke²,

Bernstein

et al. 2015

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract.A d isi nt eg r i n a nd met a l loprot ei nase domain-containing protein 12 (ADAM12) belongs to the ADAM family of transmembrane proteins. Via proteolysis, cell adhesion, cell-cell fusion, cell-matrix interaction and membrane protein shedding, ADAM proteins are involved in normal brain development, and also in cancer genesis and progression, and in inflammation. Therefore, neurobiological research focusing on this protein is increasing. Nitric oxide (NO), which is endogenously produced by NO synthases (NOS), is associated with glial tumors. However, knock-out of NOS produces only limited antitumor effects. The present study analyzed the expression of ADAM12 in the cortex and hippocampus of C57/BL6 wild-type mice, and endothelial NOS-, neuronal NOS-(nNOS) or inducible NOS (iNOS)-deficient ( -/-) mice, at different stages of development. Expression of ADAM12 was quantified using immunoblot analysis of cortical and hippocampal tissue samples from fetal, neonatal (5 days postnatal), adult (12 weeks old) or >1 year old mice. Using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, ADAM12 expression was analyzed in cultured N9, OLN93, C6 and PC12 cells, representing the four main cell types in the brain, following NOS inhibition. ADAM12 expression was low in all mouse genotypes and regions of the brain, and in fetal and neonatal mice, an increase in expression was observed with increasing age. The highest levels of expression were observed in the cortex of adult mice, iNOS -/-mice of >1 year and wild-type mice, and in the hippocampus of adult and iNOS -/-mice of >1 year. By contrast, ADAM12 expression was lowest in adult nNOS -/-mice. Inhibition of NOS using N ω -Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, induced ADAM12 mRNA expression in N9 and PC12 cell lines. Inhibition of NOS using L-N 6 -(1-Iminoethyl)lysine dihydrochloride, induced ADAM12 mRNA expression in N9 and C6 cell lines. No change in ADAM12 expression was observed in OLN93 cells following NOS inhibition. ADAM12 expression in mouse hippocampus and cortex samples demonstrated considerable variation during development, with a marked increase observed in adult and >1 year old mice, compared with that in fetal and neonatal mice. IntroductionNitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule found in animals, including humans. Reduced NO production is associated with important cardiovascular risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia (1,2), diabetes, hypertension, smoking, atherosclerosis and aging (3). The bioavailability of NO in cells and tissues decreases with age. This may be a result of a decrease in the expression of the constitutive isoforms [endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS)], with age (4). Inducible NOS (iNOS)-mediated NO formation has been shown to affect longevity. In mice, iNOS overexpression may lead to increased mortality, which is associated with cardiac hypertrophy and sudden cardiac death as a result of bradyarrhythmias (5). iNOS expression is typically not observed in the brains of young (1-3...

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Notch Initiates the Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in the Atrioventricular Canal through Autocrine Activation of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase

Cited by 150 publications

References 58 publications

SOX9 modulates the expression of key transcription factors required for heart valve development

SOX9 modulates the expression of key transcription factors required for heart valve development

miR‐342‐5p Is a Notch Downstream Molecule and Regulates Multiple Angiogenic Pathways Including Notch, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling

Effects of nitric oxide synthase deficiency on a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 12 expression in mouse brain samples

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