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Wallach, Arian D.; Inbar, Moshe; Shanas, Uri

doi:10.1560/ijps.57.1-2.103

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…However, since most open sunny areas, which are the typical habitats of A. coronaria, are under medium to heavy grazing pressure, this cannot explain why some populations are pure red and some have all colour morphs. Roe deer graze on A. coronaria flowers [58], but at present, it is not part of the native fauna of Israel.…”

Section: The Evolution and Maintenance Of Flower Colour Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 95%

Flower Colour Polymorphism, Pollination Modes, Breeding System and Gene Flow in Anemone coronaria

Dafni

Tzohari

Ben‐Shlomo

et al. 2020

Plants

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The flower colour of Anemone coronaria (Ranunculaceae) is a genetically inherited trait. Such intra-specific flower colour polymorphism might be driven by pollinators, other non-pollinating agents, or by abiotic factors. We investigated the genetic relations among red, white and purple-blue flower colour morphs growing in 10 populations of A. coronaria in Israel, in relation to their breeding system, pollination modes, differential perception by bees and visitors’ behaviour. Flowers of these three morphs differed in their reflectance that could be perceived by bees. Honeybees, solitary bees and flies demonstrated only partial preferences for the different colour morphs. No spontaneous self-pollination was found; however, fruit set under nets, excluding insects but allowing wind pollination, was not significantly lower than that of natural free pollinated flowers, indicating a potential role of wind pollination. Anemone coronaria flowers were visited by various insects, honeybees and Andrena sp. preferred the white and purple-blue morphs, while the syrphid flies preferred the white flowers. Thus, visitor behaviour can only partially explain the evolution or maintenance of the colour polymorphism. No significant genetic differences were found among the populations or colour morphs. Wind pollination, causing random gene flow, may explain why no significant genetic divergence was found among all studied populations and their colour morphs. The existence of monomorphic red populations, along other polymorphic populations, might be explained by linked resistance to aridity and/or grazing.

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Section: The Evolution and Maintenance Of Flower Colour Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 95%

Flower Colour Polymorphism, Pollination Modes, Breeding System and Gene Flow in Anemone coronaria

Dafni

Tzohari

Ben‐Shlomo

et al. 2020

Plants

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Feeding activity and dietary composition of roe deer at the southern edge of their range

2009

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We studied feeding activity and dietary components of hand-reared European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Israel. Our ultimate goal was to assess habitat suitability for future reintroduction of the species, which has been locally extinct for nearly a century. Activity patterns, diet composition, and body mass of four does were monitored in two (fenced) typical east Mediterranean habitats: mature forest and scrubland recovering from fire. Food supplements were provided between trials. Throughout the year, the deer exhibited diurnal and nocturnal activity, mostly at dawn and dusk. Diet composition varied considerably between seasons and habitats, demonstrating the opportunistic flexibility of the deer. In both habitats, the deer fed on over 85% of the plant species but preferred a particular plant species or parts. In summer and early autumn, fruits and seeds became the dominant portion of their diet. In our semi-natural experimental setup, deer maintained body mass through the winter and spring.Weight loss occurred as the dry season advanced, but the animals rapidly regained mass when annuals and grasses became available following the first rains. In the east Mediterranean habitats, water availability seems more problematic for deer survival than food availability.

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Geophytes–herbivore interactions: reproduction and population dynamics of Anemone coronaria L.

et al. 2010

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Anemone coronaria, an attractive Mediterranean geophyte, seems to disappear from grazingprotected areas in Israel. We experimentally examined the ecological mechanism driving the decline of this geophyte. Ten plot-pairs were established, half we fenced as grazing exclosures and half were grazed by beef cattle. Grazing clearly reduced herbaceous biomass, increased relative solar photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) at ground level, but had almost no effect on soil properties. Grazing did not affect the number of flowers and young fruits produced by A. coronaria, nor the percentage fruit-set at the plot scale, indicating no effect on flowering, pollination, or on resource allocation to reproduction. Five years after grazing exclusion, Anemone seedling and adult plant densities were higher in grazed than in ungrazed plots. We propose a model explaining our results that can be applied also to other similar ecosystems: excluding grazing increased biomass and height of the herbaceous community and reduced relative PAR at ground level. Consequently, seedling, adult plant and flowering Anemone plant densities were lower in ungrazed plots. We recommend adding seasonal grazing as a management tool when vegetation outcompete light demanding geophytes that we wish to conserve.

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Note

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Flower Colour Polymorphism, Pollination Modes, Breeding System and Gene Flow in Anemone coronaria

Flower Colour Polymorphism, Pollination Modes, Breeding System and Gene Flow in Anemone coronaria

Feeding activity and dietary composition of roe deer at the southern edge of their range

Geophytes–herbivore interactions: reproduction and population dynamics of Anemone coronaria L.

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