Note on Early Memories

Hall, G. Stanley

doi:10.1080/08919402.1899.10532975

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Reminiscence. G. Stanley Hall (16) was the first to use this method as a genetic approach to the problem of memory. In 1899 he recorded a large number of memories dating back to the first 14 years of his life.…”

Section: Methods Used In Gathering Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both Hurlock and Schwartz (27) and De la Mare (29) comment extensively on the unreliability and lack of accuracy in the biographical method. Perhaps more confidence may be placed in reports of personal experiences made by trained introspectionists such as Hall (16) and Crook (9). Although the skepticism voiced by Brooks (4) is, in a measure, justifiable, we must not conclude that all of the reports are bad and that the investigation of childhood memories might just as well be abandoned.…”

Section: Precautions Taken To Check the Accuracy Of The Memoriesmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Childhood memories: a review of the literature.

Dudycha¹,

Dudycha²

1941

Psychological Bulletin

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Because psychoanalysts have stressed the point that much of the maladjustment among adults is due to infantile sexual experiences which have been repressed, and because their therapy is to reveal these early experiences to the patient and to readjust him to them, many people have associated the study of early memories solely with psychoanalytic doctrine. As we shall see presently, psychologists were interested in childhood memories long before psychoanalytic theory was well developed. Although we may agree with the psychoanalyst that the repressed experiences of infancy which are recalled with exceeding difficulty are significant for therapy, we must grant that other early experiences which are consciously recalled again and again in later years may be just as potent in determining behavior. A single example will make this clear. A two-year-old child has a very unpleasant experience with a pugnacious rooster. Although this child is in no wise injured, he recalls this highly affective experience many times in later life. And, even as a mature person, he has a horror of roosters and refuses to eat any type of fowl. This experience certainly was not repressed; and only the most credulous person would accept it as a sexual experience. Yet it is significant for an understanding of that person's adult behavior.That the conscious recall of early childhood experiences is of value for genetic psychology was recognized by Titchener (35), who, as early as 1900, wrote a brief note in the American Journal of Psychology in which he called the attention of psychologists to G. Stanley Hall's ( 16) "Note on early memories," published the year before. Titchener's enthusiasm for Hall's approach is indicated in his statement: "It [Hall's approach] is also of great importance from the genetic standpoint, and should receive careful criticism and consideration from workers in the genetic field" (35, p. 435). Several years later Hollingworth (25) commented favorably on Colegrove's (6) study of "Individual memories," published the same year as Hall's report. In other quarters, and

show abstract

Section: Methods Used In Gathering Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Precautions Taken To Check the Accuracy Of The Memoriesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Childhood memories: a review of the literature.

Dudycha¹,

Dudycha²

1941

Psychological Bulletin

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since the late 1800s researchers have displayed an interest in autobiographical memory (Colegrove, 1899;Galton, 1879;Hall, 1899;Henri & Henri, 1898;Miles, 1893), but most of this research has been descriptive and atheoretical in nature and has been limited to specific aspects of autobiographical memory such as the age and contents of events remembered; memory for single versus recurrent events; differences in access to memories associated with emotions, objects, and actions; the specificity of memories; memory for specific events such as courtship, wedding, and honeymoon in married couples; and the accuracy of dating events remembered (e.g., Dudycha & Dudycha, 1933;Hanawalt & Gebhardt, 1965;Holmberg & Holmes, 1993;Robinson, 1976;Ross & Holmberg, 1990;Skowronski, Betz, Thompson, & Shannon, 1991;Strongman & Kemp, 1991;Waldfogel, 1948). Researchers with a theoretical interest in autobiographical memory have focused primarily on three issues: the apparent paucity of memories from early child-hood, a phenomenon generally referred to as childhood amnesia (e.g., Neisser, 1962;Schachtel, 1947;White & Pillemer, 1979); the relationship between personality and childhood memories (e.g., Child, 1940;Davis & Schwartz, 1987;Kihlstrom & Harackiewicz, 1982); and, more recently, the impact of mood on memory for pleasant and unpleasant events (e.g., Bower, 1981;Parrott & Sabini, 1990;Teasdale & Fogarty, 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in autobiographical memory for childhood emotional experiences.

Davis¹

1999

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

216

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Research to date has paid remarkably little heed to gender differences in autobiographical memory. To redress this, the author examined memory for childhood events in adult men and women remembering back to childhood, and in children themselves. Five studies were conducted, and results revealed that females consistently recalled more childhood memories than males did and were generally faster in accessing the memories recalled. Furthermore, the gender difference observed was specific to memories of events associated with emotion and was apparent across a diverse range of emotions experienced by both the self and others. The overall pattern of findings obtained is consistent with the proposition that gender-differentiated socialization processes influence the content and complexity of representations of autobiographical emotional events in memory. To some extent, then, autobiographical memory appears to be a socially constructed phenomenon.

show abstract

“…Priority seems to belong to Gallon (1879), who at age 57 used the method of word associations to activate his own store of memories and then dated the products. Other pioneering investigators were Henri and Henri (1897) and Colegrove (1899), who asked adults to recall and date their earliest recollections, and G. Stanley Hall (1899), who published a long, impressionistic paper relating in detail how his boyhood memories were revived when he revisited places as an adult that he had lived in as a child. Hall was engrossed by the retrieval process, and Titchener (1900) noted Hall's work with approval.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating age at encoding in early childhood to adult recall: Development of flashbulb memories.

Winograd

Killinger²

1983

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three hundred thirty-eight informants who were between 1 and 7 years of age in 1963 were asked about their personal memories surrounding the assassination of President Kennedy and six other significant public events. The probability and degree of elaboration of recall showed a gradual growth function with increasing age at the time of the event for the assassinations of John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy but not for the other events. Self-reports of amount of rehearsal showed a low correlation with recall. Recall was high for the resignation of President Nixon in 1974, suggesting that surprise is not necessary for the formation of enduring memories of significant events. Methodological advantages and disadvantages of studying early memories for public events are discussed.

show abstract

Note on Early Memories

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Childhood memories: a review of the literature.

Childhood memories: a review of the literature.

Gender differences in autobiographical memory for childhood emotional experiences.

Relating age at encoding in early childhood to adult recall: Development of flashbulb memories.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About