Note: Ultra-high frequency ultra-low dc power consumption HEMT amplifier for quantum measurements in millikelvin temperature range

Abstract

We have presented theory and experimentally demonstrated an efficient method for drastically reducing the power consumption of the rf/microwave amplifiers based on HEMT in unsaturated dc regime. Conceptual one-stage 10 dB-gain amplifier showed submicrowatt level of the power consumption (0.95 μW at frequency of 0.5 GHz) when cooled down to 300 mK. Proposed technique has a great potential to design the readout amplifiers for ultra-deep-cooled cryoelectronic quantum devices.

A wideband radio-frequency amplifier for investigations at temperatures from 300 to 0.1 K

“…From here, one can conclude that the nature of noises is predominantly thermal. This conclusion quite agrees with the results of works [7,8,10], pointing to the absence of a noticeable contribution of 1/F noise to noises of pseudomorphic HEMTs in the microcurrent power-supply mode at radio frequencies. Then, by extrapolating the obtained results to the lower temperature region, it is Concerning the dependence of the noise temperature on the resistance of the resistive noise generator T n (R g ), it is necessary to explain the following.…”

“…The ULTM transistor operating in the unsaturated direct-current mode [7,8] is powered from a separate source with a voltage of 0.03-0.2 V. The current con-amb T sumption (for different Q 1 ) varies from 50 to 300 μA. The minimal power-supply values are required at mK.…”

Room-temperature solid-state maser

“…On cooling, the HEMT amplifier's residual noise temperature, though low enough for many applications, sticks stubbornly at a few kelvin 17 . Though this "HEMT plateau" can be lowered somewhat by employing lower device powers 18 , it has motivated the successful development of resonant SQUID-based devices 17 offering substantially lower noise temperatures, albeit over more limited bandwidths. But with both HEMTs or SQUIDs, the attainment of millikelvin noise temperatures demands sub-kelvin refrigeration, as supplied by a dilution refrigerator or its equivalent.…”

Quantum superposition of three macroscopic states and superconducting qutrit detector

“…Since, as shown in Ref. 28, the detector and the tank temperature in these measurements may be as low as 10 mK and the SQUTRID acts as a sensor of parametric quantum inductance under adiabatic conditions, such a device can be considered to be a representative of the class of quantumlimited detectors.…”