Notes. Determination of bioactivity of chemical fractions of liquid wastes using freshwater and saltwater algae and crustaceans

Walsh, Gerald E.; Garnas, Richard L.

doi:10.1021/es00109a012

Cited by 60 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…For aquatic bioassays, algae seem to be more suitable organisms because they are very sensitive to different pollutants and occur abundantly in aquatic ecosystems (Ahmed and Häder 2010a;Turbak et al 1986;Danilov and Ekelund 2000). Several studies reveal that algae are more sensitive than invertebrates and fish to different water pollutants and industrial sewage (Lewis 1995;Paixão et al 2008;Blinova 2004;Walsh and Garnas 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of various parameters in Euglena gracilis to short-term exposure to industrial wastewaters

Azizullah

Richter

Häder³

2011

J Appl Phycol

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Due to the presence of various potential pollutants industrial wastewaters pose considerable threats to natural waters and make it unfit for the aquatic biota. Analysis of wastewaters by chemical methods is a common practice; however, it does not reflect the toxic effects on living organism. Therefore, bioassessment is necessary for monitoring of wastewater quality. In the present study, the toxic effects of wastewater samples from different industries were evaluated using Euglena gracilis as a biotest organism. Various parameters of the freshwater flagellate E. gracilis like motility, swimming velocity, cell shape, gravitactic orientation (using the automatic biotest ECOTOX) and photosynthetic efficiency (using a pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer) were used as end points for toxicity assessment. In addition, the samples were analysed for some ecologically important physicochemical properties. With some exceptions, most of the physicochemical properties of the tested samples were within the acceptable range of national environmental quality standards for municipal and industrial effluents. However, all the water samples adversely affected different parameters in E. gracilis. This study led to the conclusion that different toxic substances present in wastewater, even at low concentrations, can be a possible threat to aquatic biota. The results of this study prove that ECOTOX is a sensitive, easy, and fast bioassay for monitoring of water and wastewater quality. Gravitactic orientation and cell compactness of E. gracilis were the most sensitive parameters to wastewater toxicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of various parameters in Euglena gracilis to short-term exposure to industrial wastewaters

Azizullah

Richter

Häder³

2011

J Appl Phycol

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“…Over other bioassays, use of algal bioassay seems to be the most suitable indicator in monitoring of freshwater system since the algae are abundant and play a vital role in the food web in the aquatic ecosystems (Morin et al 2008). In addition, several studies have showed that algae react more sensitively than invertebrates and fish to different water pollutants and industrial sewage (Lewis 1995;Walsh and Garnas 1983;Blinova 2000;2004;Paixão et al 2008). Wong et al (1997) found alterations in the fine structure of Chlorella cells in response to waste water containing inorganic Pb and organometallic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Waste Water Samples Using the ECOTOX Biosystem and the Flagellate Alga Euglena gracilis

Ahmed

Häder²

2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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In this study, a fast bioassay using the ECOTOX system to evaluate biological safety of waste water samples from different sources was performed. This biological system works full automatically to test water quality. The system uses the image analysis of movement behavior of the flagellate Euglena gracilis as a model organism. The measured parameters are cell motility, velocity, orientation (r-value, upward swimming and alignment) as well as cell form (compactness). In most tested waste samples, precision of orientation (r-value) is inhibited at concentrations which showed less effect on the other parameters. Motility and compactness were noticed to be the least inhibited parameters in response to waste water samples. The results of waste treatment plants revealed the efficiency of the used purification system. Movement as well as orientation parameters in E. gracilis showed high sensitivity toward chlorine. The order of sensitivity was motility>velocity> r-value>upward swimming with EC 50 values of 0.69, 0.81, 0.85, and 1.78 mgL −1 , respectively. ECOTOX with its test organism (E. gracilis) provides an automatic, fast and sensitive system to monitor water samples.

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“…Several authors showed greater sensitivity of algae than invertebrates and fish to several compounds and municipal and industrial effluents (Lewis 1990(Lewis , 1995Walsh et al 1980Walsh et al , 1982Walsh and Garnas 1983;Blinova 2000Blinova , 2004. Rojícková-Padrtová and Marsálek (1999) stated that the Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formerly known as Selenastrum capricornutum or also as Raphidocelis subcapitata) is one of the most sensitive algae species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a miniaturized algal bioassay in phytotoxicity screening

et al. 2007

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A miniaturized and low-cost algal growth-inhibition assay, with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, based on the standard ISO 8692 and using 96-well microplates, was tested and optimized in this work, to be used as a useful tool for pollutant phytotoxicity screening. For validation, the performance of the microplate algal growth-inhibition assay was first compared with the standard flask assay for the toxicity testing of five reference toxicants (copper(II) sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate and 3,5-Dichlorophenol) and six wastewater samples. Statistical evaluation of EC(50) results from both methods demonstrated a good agreement between microplate and flask assays either in testing chemicals (r (2) = 0.975, p < 0.0017) or environmental samples toxicity (r (2) = 0.984, p < 0.0001). In addition, the performance of this algal microplate bioassay was also evaluated in comparison with Lemna test, ISO 20079, for phytotoxicity assessment of 27 wastewater samples from industries and treatment plants. The results showed that the algal test was more sensitive for most of the samples, but a significant agreement between both tests was observed (r (2) = 0.644, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, this miniaturized test can be a good tool to include in a battery of tests for phytotoxicity screening of a wide range of chemicals and environmental samples, with the advantage of requiring low sample volumes for the test, allowing large numbers of samples to be tested, and generating low volumes of waste.

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Notes. Determination of bioactivity of chemical fractions of liquid wastes using freshwater and saltwater algae and crustaceans

Cited by 60 publications

References 1 publication

Sensitivity of various parameters in Euglena gracilis to short-term exposure to industrial wastewaters

Sensitivity of various parameters in Euglena gracilis to short-term exposure to industrial wastewaters

Monitoring of Waste Water Samples Using the ECOTOX Biosystem and the Flagellate Alga Euglena gracilis

Performance of a miniaturized algal bioassay in phytotoxicity screening

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