Notes on Some Bird Fleas, with the Description of a New Species of <i>Ceratophyllus</i>, and a Key to the Bird Fleas Known from Canada (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae)

Holland, George P.

doi:10.4039/ent83281-11

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Parasites were identified according to Yamaguti (1961) and Sarashina et al (1987) for nematodes, Boyd and Fry (1971) and McDonald (1981) for trematodes, Kellogg (1896), Ryan and Price (1969) and Price (1970) for lice, Holland (1951Holland ( , 1985 for fleas, and Davies (1991) The length of incubation of eggs was estimated on the basis of the median date of the start of incubation. This was calculated as the median hatching date minus 28 days.…”

Section: Necropsymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contracaecum spiculigerum, A. elongatus, E. pellucida, P. farallonii, P. incomposita, and C. lari have been found in cormorants before (Huizinga, 1971;Pence and Childs, 1972;Threlfall, 1982;Holland, 1985). Theromyzon sp.…”

Section: Parasitic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flea C. lari is very similar to C. niger, and is differentiated from it by the more conspicuous frontal tubercle and, in the female, by the larger abdominal spiracles, all of them with the atrial chamber appearing doubled-up (Holland, 1951(Holland, , 1985. According to Holland (1985), C. lari is a relatively rare species of flea.…”

Section: Parasitic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Holland (1985), C. lari is a relatively rare species of flea. It was found originally in nests of gulls (Larus sp.)…”

Section: Parasitic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found originally in nests of gulls (Larus sp.) in the North-West Territories (Canada), and has been collected from cormorants from Quebec (Canada) and the eastern United States (Holland, 1985).…”

Section: Parasitic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causes of Morbidity and Mortality and Their Effect on Reproductive Success in Double-Crested Cormorants From Saskatchewan

Kuiken

Leighton

Wobeser

et al. 1999

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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The objectives of this study were to describe causes of morbidity and mortality in a breeding colony of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) on Doré Lake (Saskatchewan, Canada), and to determine cause-specific mortality rates of juvenile birds. Morbidity and mortality were monitored every third day during the breeding season from 1994 to 1996 from inside a tunnel-and-blind system. Affected eggs and birds were collected for examination and diagnosis. The cause of mortality was determined for 105 eggs, 178 nestlings (Յ4-wk-old), 1393 post-nestling chicks (Ͼ4-wk-old), and 10 adults. The main causes of mortality were infertility or embryonal death, avian predation, displacement of eggs and chicks from the nest, starvation from sibling competition, Newcastle disease, coyote predation, human-induced suffocation, and entrapment. In 49% of the cases, avian predation and displacement from the nest of eggs or nestlings was associated with human disturbance. Thirty-six nestlings, 40 post-nestling chicks, and three adults were examined for the presence of parasites. Contracaecum spiculigerum was found in the proventriculus; Amphimerus elongatus in the liver; Piagetiella incomposita in the gular pouch; Eidmanniella pellucida, Pectinopygus farallonii, and Ceratophyllus lari in the plumage; and Theromyzon sp. in the nasal and oral cavity. Contracaecum spiculigerum was associated with ulcerative gastritis, A. elongatus with multifocal hepatitis and bile duct hyperplasia, and P. incomposita with ulcerative stomatitis, but these lesions were not considered fatal. Other diseases included beak deformity, abnormal rotation of the carpal joint, hypopigmentation, and eye loss. Overall mortality of cormorant chicks between hatching and the end of the breeding season varied from 25 to 48%. The most important causes of mortality were Newcastle disease, which killed 21% of hatched chicks in 1995, sibling competition (maximum 12% in 1994), and coyote predation (2% in 1994).

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