Notes on some fossil plants from the Trinity division of the Comanche series of Texas

Fontaine, William Morris

doi:10.5479/si.00963801.16-934.261

Cited by 12 publications

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“…Stomatal crypts consist of ampulla-shaped pits that are sunken in the mesophyll and contain stomatal apparatuses. The genus was first erected to include two species from the lower Cretaceous of Texas, Glenrosa texensis and Glenrosa pagiophylloides [ 1 ], that were previously assigned to Brachyphyllum texense and Sequoia pagiophylloides by Fontaine [ 9 ]. Glenrosa texensis was described from the Glen Rose Formation and the Trent’s Reach locality, which are late Aptian–earliest Albian and Barremian–earliest Aptian in age respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Histology of Leafy Axes and Male Cones of Glenrosa carentonensis sp. nov. (Cenomanian Flints of Charente-Maritime, France) Using Synchrotron Microtomography Linked with Palaeoecology

et al. 2015

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We report exceptionally well-preserved plant remains ascribed to the extinct conifer Glenrosa J. Watson et H.L. Fisher emend. V. Srinivasan inside silica-rich nodules from the Cenomanian of the Font-de-Benon quarry, Charente-Maritime, western France. Remains are preserved in three dimensions and mainly consist of fragmented leafy axes. Pollen cones of this conifer are for the first time reported and in some cases remain connected to leafy stems. Histology of Glenrosa has not previously been observed; here, most of internal tissues and cells are well-preserved and allow us to describe a new species, Glenrosa carentonensis sp. nov., using propagation phase-contrast X-ray synchrotron microtomography, a non-destructive technique. Leafy axes consist of characteristic helically arranged leaves bearing stomatal crypts. Glenrosa carentonensis sp. nov. differs from the other described species in developing a phyllotaxy 8/21, claw-shaped leaves, a thicker cuticle, a higher number of papillae and stomata per crypt. Pollen cones consist of peltate, helically arranged microsporophylls, each of them bearing 6–7 pollen sacs. The new high resolution tomographic approach tested here allows virtual palaeohistology on plants included inside a dense rock to be made. Most tissues of Glenrosa carentonensis sp. nov. are described. Lithological and palaeontological data combined with xerophytic features of Glenrosa carentonensis sp. nov. suggest that this conifer has been adapted to survive in harsh and instable environments such as coastal area exposed to hot, dry conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Histology of Leafy Axes and Male Cones of Glenrosa carentonensis sp. nov. (Cenomanian Flints of Charente-Maritime, France) Using Synchrotron Microtomography Linked with Palaeoecology

et al. 2015

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“…Exesipollenites is strikingly more abundant in sample 79-25 than in other samples. It has been compared with both cupressaceous conifers and Bennettitales (van Konijnenburg-van Cittert 1971;Harris 1974;Peñalver et al 2015), but the most similar in situ pollen is that of the Jurassic bennettitalean flower Williamsoniella lignieri (Harris 1974), consistent with the presence of bennettitalean foliage in the Glen Rose and Potomac beds that are rich in Exesipollenites (Fontaine 1893;Upchurch & Doyle 1981).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This is overwhelmingly dominated by Classopollis (often > 75%), representing the xeromorphic conifer family Cheirolepidiaceae, which is also dominant in the megafossil flora of the Glen Rose in its type area (Fontaine 1893;Watson 1977) and elsewhere (Daghlian & Person 1977); most common is Pseudofrenelopsis varians, which superficially resembles the saltmarsh angiosperm Salicornia (Amaranthaceae). Cheirolepidiaceae are associated with hot and dry climates at a global scale and often with marine-influenced facies at a local scale (Vakhrameev 1970(Vakhrameev , 1981Upchurch & Doyle 1981;Heimhofer et al 2008Heimhofer et al , 2012.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type area of the Glen Rose Formation is in north central Texas, along the Paluxy River above the town of Glen Rose in Somervell County, where it includes lagoonal limestones that are famous for containing abundant dinosaur tracks, as well as xeromorphic and presumably halophytic conifers of the extinct family Cheirolepidiaceae (Fontaine 1893;Watson 1977). Sections in this area were described in detail by Rodgers (1967), analyzed sedimentologically by Nagle (1968), Perkins (1979) and Bergan (1987Bergan ( , 1991, and integrated with subsurface stratigraphy by Pittman (1989).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Cretaceous (Albian) spores and pollen from the Glen Rose Formation of Texas and their significance for correlation of the Potomac Group

Tanrikulu¹,

Doyle

Delusina

2017

Palynology

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Because the Gulf Coast Lower Cretaceous is dated by ammonites, it has great potential as a reference section for correlating continental sequences such as the Potomac Group and dating events in the rise of angiosperms. Middle Albian terrestrial palynofloras from Oklahoma have been described in detail, but the early Albian interval, represented in the Glen Rose Formation of Texas, is less well known. Samples from two localities on the Paluxy River, which correlate with horizons containing late early Albian ammonites, are dominated by Classopollis and Exesipollenites, but angiosperm pollen is the next most common terrestrial element, and there are several index spore species for Zone II in the Potomac Group. Among the angiosperms, reticulate monosulcates are most common and diverse, but there are also several tricolpate species. Stratigraphically important angiosperms include the Clavatipollenites rotundus group and reticulate tricolpates, which appear in the upper part of Potomac Zone I and the dated earliest Albian of England and Portugal. However, there are also tricolpates with striate-reticulate sculpture, a pollen type that is not known from upper Zone I but appears in the late early Albian of Portugal. This assemblage contrasts with floras from Potomac Zone II and the middle Albian (lower Fredericksburg Group) of Oklahoma, where tricolpates overtook monosulcate angiosperms in species diversity. These results confirm arguments based on the Portuguese section that there is a significant hiatus between Potomac Zones I and II, and that this gap is at least partly late early Albian. The dominance of Classopollis and Exesipollenites and the occurrence of isolated Northern Gondwanan elements (Sergipea, Tucanopollis) suggest that Texas lay in a transition zone between Southern Laurasia and the hotter and drier Northern Gondwana province, but regional studies are needed to disentangle geographic and climatic factors from effects of the lagoonal local environment.

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The Cuticular Anatomy of Frenelopsis Varians From the Lower Cretaceous of Central Texas

Daghlian

Person

1977

American J of Botany

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Stem fragments identified as Frenelopsis varions Fontaine have been found in the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) of central Texas. The cuticle is extremely thick and characterized by 5–6 subsidiary cells with papillae overarching the stomatal chamber. Guard cells are deeply sunken below the epidermis. Stomatal complexes are arranged in axial rows extending from the base of an internode to its apex. The rows of stomata continue into the sheathing leaf where the rows curve towards the leaf apex. The epidermis of F. varions was apparently long persistent and underwent prolonged growth. Axial rows of stomata are frequently disrupted resulting in a random pattern of stomata. A single, highly reduced, sheathing leaf is present at each node. The margin of the leaf has numerous unicellular trichomes and extends to form a slightly triangular blade.

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Notes on some fossil plants from the Trinity division of the Comanche series of Texas

Abstract: The fossil plants whose description form the subject of this paper were collected by their discoverer, Mr. J. W. Barvey

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Study of the Histology of Leafy Axes and Male Cones of Glenrosa carentonensis sp. nov. (Cenomanian Flints of Charente-Maritime, France) Using Synchrotron Microtomography Linked with Palaeoecology

Study of the Histology of Leafy Axes and Male Cones of Glenrosa carentonensis sp. nov. (Cenomanian Flints of Charente-Maritime, France) Using Synchrotron Microtomography Linked with Palaeoecology

Early Cretaceous (Albian) spores and pollen from the Glen Rose Formation of Texas and their significance for correlation of the Potomac Group

The Cuticular Anatomy of Frenelopsis Varians From the Lower Cretaceous of Central Texas

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