“…Timber constructions are common elements of regional architecture in some parts of Poland, e.g., Podlasie, and they are favored by lichens associated with dead and rotting wood [29]. Epixylous lichens are known to occupy fences, posts, bridges, and another man-made constructions [3,[7][8][9]11,[13][14][15][16][17][18]22,24,26,27,[29][30][31][32][33][34]45,46,48,71,72,[77][78][79][80]. Roadside wooden crosses, being a part of the regional cultural heritage in Polish rural areas, are atypical wooden substrates that are colonized by lichenized fungi [23,26,27,29].…”