Notes on the ecology of germination ofAlliaria petiolata

Lhotská, Marie

doi:10.1007/bf02852858

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…In the laboratory, different populations from across a >2000 km latitudinal climate gradient showed no clines in germination but rather idiosyncratic responses to our treatments. Germination was enhanced by temperatures just above freezing as reported previously (Lhotska ) and did not require higher temperatures (Raghu & Post ) nor scarification (Sosnoskie & Cardina ; Yasin & Andreasen ). Onset of higher temperatures (>20 °C) effectively suppressed germination even of stratified seeds.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…At the time we initiated our experiment (1997), available information suggested that A. petiolata seeds are dormant at maturity (Baskin & Baskin ) and dormancy is broken by 100 days of 1–4 °C (Lhotska ; Baskin & Baskin ; Anderson, Dhillion & Kelley ), with exhaustion of the seed bank after 3 years (Kinzel ; Cavers, Heagy & Kokron ; Roberts & Boddrell ; Baskin & Baskin ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate and rapid local adaptation as drivers of germination and seed bank dynamics of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in North America

Blossey

Nuzzo²,

Dávalos

2017

Journal of Ecology

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Summary Local differences in climate conditions may facilitate rapid evolutionary changes in introduced plants to optimize timing of germination or ability to survive in seed banks, which may constitute beneficial demographic adaptations during range expansions. Understanding differences in germination requirements and emergence patterns across a species’ range is critical for demographic modelling and potential invasive species control efforts. We assessed germination responses of Alliaria petiolata using seeds collected from 10 populations spanning much of the North American distribution of the species. We compared germination responses under different stratification regimes in a growth chamber over 2·5 years, and evaluated seedling emergence in a common garden in Ithaca, New York over 13 years. We further evaluated how climate overlap between Ithaca and original collection sites influenced emergence patterns. In the laboratory, germination of all populations was similar and highest at 4 °C stratification. Seeds exposed to sub‐zero temperatures delayed germination and population responses were variable. In the common garden, seedlings from most populations emerged over 13 years, and emergence patterns were strongly influenced by population. Annual emergence was positively correlated with spring temperature and inversely correlated with number of spring days with minimum temperature below freezing. Climate overlap between the common garden and original collection location enhanced germination, but common garden climate conditions over the course of the 13‐year experiment and population identity had greater explanatory power. Synthesis. Laboratory germination tests did not reflect seedling emergence under field conditions. After 150 years of residence time in North America, Alliaria petiolata populations have developed striking differences in their responses to local climates and stratification requirements suggesting that a complex interplay of pre‐adaptation, rapid evolutionary changes, and phenotypic plasticity result in locally adapted populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and rapid local adaptation as drivers of germination and seed bank dynamics of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in North America

Blossey

Nuzzo²,

Dávalos

2017

Journal of Ecology

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“…Bieb.) Cavara and Grande (Brassicaceae) is a biennial with seeds germinating in February–April (Lhotska 1975; Baskin & Baskin 1992; Anderson et al 1996; Byers & Quinn 1998). During their first year, plants are rosettes; some leaves are lost following cold spells, but new leaves also expand during the winter (Anderson et al 1996).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Herbicide on the Invasive Biennial Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard) and Initial Responses of Native Plants in a Southwestern Ohio Forest

Carlson

Gorchov

2004

Restoration Ecology

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Restoration often includes control of invasive plants, but little is known about how native plant communities respond to this control. The biennial Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara and Grande (garlic mustard) is one of the most prevalent invasive plants in forests of eastern North America. We investigated the effects of the herbicide Round-up (glyphosate) on Alliaria and the response of the forest floor plant community to the herbicide and the subsequent decline of Alliaria. In an old-growth Acer-Fagus stand and a second-growth Liriodendron-dominated stand in Hueston Woods State Nature Preserve, Ohio, United States, we spot applied Round-up in November 2000 and 2001 in 25 1 · 1-m plots and maintained 25 control plots. Herbicide decreased Alliaria density in both stands and reduced the density of other species in leaf during treatment (mostly exotic winter annuals) in the old-growth stand. Treatment did not affect the initial density of the Alliaria cohort that germinated in the spring of 2001, but decreased the 2002 cohort. Community differences were found in the old-growth stand after Alliaria reduction, specifically greater cover of spring ephemerals in the herbicide treatment. In the second-growth stand, herbicide treatment increased reproduction of the late-summer perennial, Phryma leptostachya. These results indicate that glyphosate reduces Alliaria without negatively impacting native species and that some native species respond positively to a single-year reduction in this invasive biennial.

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“…Alliaria petiolata also shows variation in seed dormancy. In northern Europe and Canada, A. petiolata seeds are reported to commonly show an 18-mo dormancy period (Cavers et al 1979), whereas in the southern portions of its range, A. petiolata shows only a 6-mo dormancy period (Lhotská 1975;Baskin and Baskin 1992). Several different chromosome numbers have been reported in A. petiolata.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetic Variation and Molecular Biogeography of a North American Invasive Plant Species (Alliaria petiolata, Brassicaceae)

Meekins

Ballard

McCarthy

2001

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of Plant Sciences.A study was conducted using molecular-based population genetic data to interpret biogeographic relationships and survey genetic similarity within and among populations of Alliaria petiolata from its native and introduced ranges. Three of the populations examined were from Europe, the native range of A. petiolata, whereas eight populations were from North America, where A. petiolata was introduced over 125 yr ago and where it has since become an invasive pest. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis using two different primers revealed 56 unique fragments. Genetic variation was greater in some native populations (Scottish and Dutch) compared with introduced populations. Estimates of the Shannon phenotypic diversity index among populations ranged from 0.917 to 0.996. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that there was strong population structuring, with the greatest variance among populations (61.0%) and with much less variance both between continents (16.3%) and within populations (22.7%). Significant differences were detected within and among populations and between ranges (native and introduced). Unweighted pair-group mean analysis and principal-coordinates analysis separated individuals into two large groups comprising two European populations (Belgium and The Netherlands), on the one hand, and the remaining nine populations, including Scotland, on the other. The data indicate that several North American populations, including those from Ohio, West Virginia, New York, and Kentucky, may have originated from plants from the British Isles, although it is possible that multiple introductions of A. petiolata from Europe have occurred.

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Notes on the ecology of germination ofAlliaria petiolata

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Climate and rapid local adaptation as drivers of germination and seed bank dynamics of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in North America

Climate and rapid local adaptation as drivers of germination and seed bank dynamics of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in North America

Effects of Herbicide on the Invasive Biennial Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard) and Initial Responses of Native Plants in a Southwestern Ohio Forest

Genetic Variation and Molecular Biogeography of a North American Invasive Plant Species (Alliaria petiolata, Brassicaceae)

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