Notes on the Pyloric Caeca of Chinook Salmon

Parker, Lewis P.

doi:10.2307/1438617

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Similar case law to Dassonville may be found in the United States under the dormant commerce clause; see Minnesota v. Clover Leaf Creamery Co. 94 and Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines. 95 Furthermore, the 'state action' exemption under US antitrust law, fi rst established in Parker 96 immunizes federal and state government and agencies from antitrust scrutiny. This implies that, for these agencies, other rules apply, such as, possibly, the dormant commerce clause.…”

Section: E the Interface Between Free Trade Rules And Competition Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Law, European Constitutionalism and Copyright in Standards

Lundqvist¹

2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Technical Standardization Law

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Should technical standards decided and published by offi cial Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) and referred to in Regulations, Directives or, generally, in EU law be regarded as "law" that must be accessible to the public, or could these standards still be private goods, licensed for royalties and, indeed, only accessible by a few? Access to technical standards may be the next hot topic for the European Standard Setting Organisations (SSOs) and the EU Commission. Some SSOs, as a way to fi nance their activities to develop technical standards, may charge fi rms or third persons to access and make use of the technical standards produced. The charges are based on the copyright protection of said standards and may range from low to high depending on the SSO and the market penetration of the standard in question. 1 However, with increasing action by legislators of incorporating standards by reference into legal acts, the question is whether claiming copyright and, thus, charging for access to such technical standards, is still feasible. If technical standards, which are being used to interpret or fi ll in norms contained in laws and regulations have to be regarded as law, then their content should, according to the general consensus, belong to the public domain. According to several Member States' Copyright regimes and general legal thinking, laws and regulations should be publicly accessible free of charge since only free access complies with basic standards of democracy, rule of law and transparency. 2 If instead technical standards are not to be regarded as law, but as products of private intellectual, creative production, access may have to be paid for, by way of buying a license or by otherwise paying the price for the product of the standardization effort. 3 1

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Section: E the Interface Between Free Trade Rules And Competition Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Law, European Constitutionalism and Copyright in Standards

Lundqvist¹

2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Technical Standardization Law

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Counts of Gill Rakers and Pyloric Caeca in Pink Salmon

Pritchard¹

1945

J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can.

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Counts of gill rakers and pyloric caeca on pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) from different rivers in British Columbia overlap in range to such an extent that it would be impossible with any degree of accuracy to assign isolated individuals from an ocean population to a distinct "breeding group" on the basis of these characters. While the comparison of the averages of each character demonstrates significant differences between separate rivers in the same year in some cases, in others no such difference is noticeable. The averages for the characters do not consistently show differences between populations of two succeeding years which are known to be distinct, e.g. those of 1940 and 1941.

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Notes on the Pyloric Caeca of Chinook Salmon

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Public Law, European Constitutionalism and Copyright in Standards

Public Law, European Constitutionalism and Copyright in Standards

Counts of Gill Rakers and Pyloric Caeca in Pink Salmon

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