Nothing Bad Happens to Good Girls

Canadian Provincial Correctional Officers

“…Personal knowledge of these risks coupled with patterns of risk management (e.g., seemingly objective categories too often based on actuarial data) structure individual agency such that individuals become responsible for the gendered, culturally specific, and subjective management of their self and risk (Hannah-Moffat, 2004a, 2004b). Madriz (1997), for example, used women’s narratives to discuss their shared “fear” of violent encounters with the “other,” arguing that women consciously locate themselves according to their structural vulnerabilities, which are tied to fears of being exploited or abused by the “other.” COs work in an environment structured by the risk posed by prisoners to prisoners, staff, and society. As a result, officers need engage in gendered processes of self-regulation to mitigate risk—the gendered practice of safekeeping (Stanko, 1997).…”

College Students' Crime-Related Fears on Campus

“…It is somewhat surprising that researchers have largely neglected the integration of these bodies of research to examine if the relationship between cues and crimerelated fear are similar or different across males and females. In part, the lack of attention may lie in the fact that researchers' focus has primarily highlighted females' experiences of crime-related fear (Madriz, 1997;Pain, 1997;Starkweather, 2007; for exception see Brownlow, 2005;Day et al, 2003;Lane & Meeker, 2003;May, 2001b;May & Dunaway, 2000). Among the very few published studies to offer some guidance into addressing our gendered-based questions about the fear-provoking cues relationship is Brownlow's (2005) study of fear among young men and women in Philadelphia's Cobb Creek Park.…”

“…Despite these widely accepted gendered findings, much of the crime-related research has focused almost exclusively on why women are fearful (Madriz, 1997;Pain, 1997;Starkweather, 2007). A small, but growing, number of researchers have turned their attention to men as victims of fear and why they are fearful (Brownlow, 2005;Day, Stump, & Carreon, 2003).…”

Considering the Gendered Nature of Constrained Behavior Practices Among Male and Female College Students

“…At present, many researchers use variants of the original 10-item scale, either focusing analysis on individual indicators of the scale (e.g., self-defense classes) or combining the traditional scale with additional items (Brownlow, 2005;Campbell, 2005;Ferraro, 1996;Hollander, 2001;Killias & Clerici, 2000;Liska, Sanchirico, & Reed, 1988;Madriz, 1997;Mesch, 2000;Nasar, Hecht, & Wener, 2007;Rader, May, & goodrum, 2007;Smolej & Kivivuori, 2006;Wilcox, May, & Roberts, 2006). Although this research tradition controls for constrained behavior variables in fear of crime models because understanding fear of crime is the focus of most studies, few have focused specifically on constrained behaviors as a central construct and not many have modified the original set of indicators discussed above (for some exceptions, see Beaulieu, Dube, Bergeron, & Cousineau, 2007;Fisher & Sloan, 2003;Lee & DeHart, 2007;Pain, 1997;Rountree Wilcox & Land, 1996;Williams, McShane, & Akers, 2000).…”

“…He defined constrained behaviors as "adaptations in one's lifestyle because of the perceived risk of victimization in daily activities" et al, 2006). gender socialization rituals also impact women's fear of crime because women and girls are often taught to fear unlikely scenarios such as stranger-induced victimization in dark public spaces (Day, Stump, & Carreon, 2003;gardner, 1989;Haynie, 1998;Madriz, 1997;Pain, 2001;Rader, 2008;Scott, 2003;Stanko, 1995Stanko, , 2001. Finally, underreporting crimes against women has also been suggested as the reason that official crime statistics do not more closely mirror an experiential basis for women's fear of crime (Madriz, 1997;Stanko, 1995).…”