Notice of Retraction: Why athletes do not negative split some endurance events: A thermodynamics-based explanation

The Thermodynamics of Exercise Science

“…The resulting explanatory model proved accurate in the prediction of key clinical observations, and simply considers the thermodynamical work associated with gas pressure, volume and temperature changes for the glucose-based equation of respiration [7], [8]. Sections 3 and 4 of the present article review conference published works for the model, while Section 5 presents new temperature-based model implications.…”

“…This Section, reviewed from Simeoni [8], expands upon the thermodynamics-based model via its application to endurance sporting events to predict and explain observed race splitting strategies, subsequently demonstrating further model efficacy. The Section specifically considers steadystate oxygen uptake near the lactate threshold in an endurance swimming context.…”

“…5 to −15 mm Hg during phase 3 were considered, which represents a range from modest to severe decline [3], [10], [12]. A range of function types (e.g., third-order polynomial to simple linear) were also applied Subsequent research [8], reviewed in the following Section 4, solely applied exponential modeling since the exponential form more often reflects underlying biological processes and offers flexibility when extending to longer time periods. Note that modest declines in arterial 2 O p generally do not significantly affect percent hemoglobin saturation, in accordance with standard sshaped dissociation curves [11].…”