NovaSil clay intervention in Ghanaians at high risk for aflatoxicosis: II. Reduction in biomarkers of aflatoxin exposure in blood and urine

Wang, P.; Afriyie-Gyawu, Evans; Tang, Yuntian; Johnson, Natalie M.; Liu, Xu; Tang, Lili; Huebner, Henry J.; Ankrah, Nii‐Ayi; Ofori‐Adjei, David; Ellis, William O.; Jolly, Pauline E.; Williams, Jonathan; Wang, Jiasheng; Phillips, Timothy D.

doi:10.1080/02652030701598694

Cited by 93 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Moreover, the results of this study support the application of NS for the management of aflatoxicosis in humans who are acutely exposed to high levels of dietary aflatoxins. Additional results from this study indicate that ingestion of capsules containing an MED of NS, significantly reduce biomarkers of aflatoxin exposure in the blood and urine from study participants (Wang et al 2007). Further studies are planned to optimize the dosimetry and delivery methods for NS clay.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Reducing human exposure to aflatoxin through the use of clay: A review

Phillips

Afriyie-Gyawu

Williams

et al. 2008

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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117

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Innovative sorption strategies for the detoxification of aflatoxins have been developed. NovaSil clay (NS) has been shown to prevent aflatoxicosis in a variety of animals when included in their diet. Results have shown that NS clay binds aflatoxins with high affinity and high capacity in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a notable reduction in the bioavailability of these toxins without interfering with the utilization of vitamins and other micronutrients. This strategy is being evaluated as a potential remedy for acute aflatoxicosis, and as a sustainable human intervention for aflatoxins via the diet. Phase I and II clinical trials confirmed the apparent safety of NS for further study in humans. A recent study in Ghanaians at high risk for aflatoxicosis has indicated that NS (at a dose level of 0.25%) is effective in decreasing biomarkers of aflatoxin exposure and does not interfere with the levels of serum vitamins A and E, and iron and zinc. In summary, enterosorption strategies/ therapies based on NS clay are promising for the management of aflatoxins and as a sustainable public health intervention. The NS clay remedy is novel, inexpensive and easily disseminated. Based on the present research, aflatoxin sequestering clays should be rigorously evaluated in vitro and in vivo, and should meet the following criteria: (1) favourable thermodynamic characteristics of mycotoxin sorption, (2) tolerable levels of priority metals, dioxins/furans and other hazardous contaminants, (3) safety and efficacy in multiple animal species, (4) safety and efficacy in long-term studies, and (5) negligible interactions with vitamins, iron and zinc and other micronutrients.

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mentioning

confidence: 97%

Reducing human exposure to aflatoxin through the use of clay: A review

Phillips

Afriyie-Gyawu

Williams

et al. 2008

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

Self Cite

187

117

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“…38,[41][42][43] Human intervention trials with NS products in Texas and Ghana have also reported a similar reduction of AF bioavailability, resulting in as much as a 58% decrease in biomarker levels. 44,45 Recently, the NS parent compound was refined, producing a product that is more uniform in particle size, with the majority of the particles residing in the 45-to 100-μm range. The new product, Uniform Particle Size NovaSil (UPSN), displayed a similar AFB 1 sorption capacity to that of NS during isothermal analysis and was deemed to be more palatable for human consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Safety and Efficacy of Calcium Montmorillonite Clay (UPSN) in Children

Mitchell¹,

Kumi²,

Aleser³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Recently, an association between childhood growth stunting and aflatoxin (AF) exposure has been identified. In Ghana, homemade nutritional supplements often consist of AF-prone commodities. In this study, children were enrolled in a clinical intervention trial to determine the safety and efficacy of Uniform Particle Size NovaSil (UPSN), a refined calcium montmorillonite known to be safe in adults. Participants ingested 0.75 or 1.5 g UPSN or 1.5 g calcium carbonate placebo per day for 14 days. Hematological and serum biochemistry parameters in the UPSN groups were not significantly different from the placebo-controlled group. Importantly, there were no adverse events attributable to UPSN treatment. A significant reduction in urinary metabolite (AFM 1 ) was observed in the high-dose group compared with placebo. Results indicate that UPSN is safe for children at doses up to 1.5 g/day for a period of 2 weeks and can reduce exposure to AFs, resulting in increased quality and efficacy of contaminated foods.

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“…Previous work in this district showed high exposure rates of aflatoxins with 100% of people (n=180) screened testing positive for the AFB 1 -albumin biomarker of exposure and 75% testing positive for urinary biomarkers of exposure. 15 Thirty-six mothers who were trained by the Nutrition Department of the Ejura-Sekyedumase District hospital on weanimix preparation were recruited and consented for their participation in the study. Study participants were from the following three communities in the district, Hiawoawu, Dromankuma and Ejura town.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins and fumonisins contamination of home-made food (Weanimix) from cereal-legume blends for children

Kumi¹,

Mitchell²,

Asare³

et al. 2014

Ghana Medical Journal

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SUMMARYBackground: Weanimix is an important food for children in Ghana. Mothers are trained to prepare homemade weanimix from beans, groundnuts and maize for their infants. Groundnuts and maize are prone to aflatoxin contamination while fumonisin contaminates maize. Aflatoxin, is produced by the Asperguillus fungi while fumonisin, is produced by Fusarium fungi. These mycotoxins occur in tropical areas worldwide due to favorable climate for their growth. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the levels of aflatoxin and fumonisin in homemade weanimix in the Ejura-Sekyedumase district in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Methods: Thirty six homemade weanimix samples (50g each) were collected from households. Aflatoxin and fumonisin were measured using a fluorometric procedure described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC official method 993.31, V1 series 4). Results: Aflatoxin and fumonisin were detected in all 36 samples, range 7.9-500ppb. Fumonisin levels range: 0.74-11.0ppm). Thirty (83.3%) of the thirty six samples were over the action limit of 20ppb for aflatoxin with an overall mean of 145.2 ppb whiles 58.3% of the samples had fumonisins above the action limit of 4 ppm with an overall mean of 4.7 ppm . Conclusion: There were significant aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of homemade weanimix. Children fed on this nutritional food were being exposed to unacceptable levels of aflatoxin and fumonisin. Therefore there is a critical need to educate mothers on the dangers of mycotoxin exposure and to develop strategies to eliminate exposure of children fed homemade weanimix to aflatoxin and fumonisin.

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NovaSil clay intervention in Ghanaians at high risk for aflatoxicosis: II. Reduction in biomarkers of aflatoxin exposure in blood and urine

Cited by 93 publications

References 44 publications

Reducing human exposure to aflatoxin through the use of clay: A review

Reducing human exposure to aflatoxin through the use of clay: A review

Short-Term Safety and Efficacy of Calcium Montmorillonite Clay (UPSN) in Children

Aflatoxins and fumonisins contamination of home-made food (Weanimix) from cereal-legume blends for children

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