Novel 3D Printed Resin Crowns for Primary Molars: In Vitro Study of Fracture Resistance, Biaxial Flexural Strength, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

Kim, Nayoung; Kim, Hoon; Kim, Ik-Hwan; Lee, Jiho; Lee, Ko Eun; Lee, Hyo-Seol; Kim, Jeehwan; Song, Je Seon; Shin, Young Goo

doi:10.3390/children9101445

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Two important findings deserving further discussion emerged from this study: the results indicated a clinical equivalence between the fracture resistance of the different 3D-printed test specimens, and the mean value of the forces required to fracture the sample crowns was shown to exceed 2000 N. The latter finding aligns with previous research into the fracture resistance of 3D-printed reinforced resin crowns: forces between 1495.05 and 2303.7 N were recorded for tests on teeth located in the back of the mouth [12,46]. This is significant as it exceeds the average human bite force, which has been shown to increase with age: humans aged 6-8 years exert a force of 78 N rising to a maximum of 176 N at ages 18-20 years [47].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Clinical Potential of 3D-Printed Crowns Reinforced with Zirconia and Glass Silica Microfillers

Alshamrani

Alhotan

Owais

et al. 2023

JFB

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The development of 3D-printed crown resin materials with improved mechanical and physical properties is an area of growing interest in dentistry. This study aimed to develop a 3D-printed crown resin material modified with zirconia glass (ZG) and glass silica (GS) microfillers to enhance overall mechanical and physical properties. A total of 125 specimens were created and divided into five groups: control unmodified resin, 5% either ZG or GS reinforced 3D-printed resin, and 10% either ZG or GS reinforced 3D-printed resin. The fracture resistance, surface roughness, and translucency parameter were measured, and fractured crowns were studied under a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that 3D-printed parts that were strengthened with ZG and GS microfillers demonstrated comparable mechanical performance to unmodified crown resin but resulted in greater surface roughness, and only the group that contained 5% ZG showed an increase in translucency. However, it should be noted that increased surface roughness may impact the aesthetics of the crowns, and further optimisation of microfillers concentrations may be necessary. These findings suggest that the newly developed dental-based resins that incorporate microfillers could be suitable for clinical applications, but further studies are necessary to optimise the nanoparticle concentrations and investigate their long-term clinical outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Clinical Potential of 3D-Printed Crowns Reinforced with Zirconia and Glass Silica Microfillers

Alshamrani

Alhotan

Owais

et al. 2023

JFB

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“…A previous paper described the fillers as phosphine oxides. 7 Several of the fillers also have ytterbium added for radiopacity. The milled and conventional resin composite contained clusters of silica and zirconia, which are unique for this brand of resin composite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C&B MFH also contained 1–2‐μm flakes that may be an oxide of silicon, aluminum, or titanium with a carbon‐containing organic component. A previous paper described the fillers as phosphine oxides 7 . Several of the fillers also have ytterbium added for radiopacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 A few articles have addressed the chemical composition of commercial 3D-printed resins used for dental prostheses. 7 The monomers used for light-cured dental composites can be used for printing resins, such as bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA). Other monomers have been added to 3Dprinted resins, such as ethoxylated bisphenol A-dimethacrylate (Bis-EMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), in order to reduce the viscosity of the liquid resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few articles have addressed the chemical composition of commercial 3D‐printed resins used for dental prostheses 7 . The monomers used for light‐cured dental composites can be used for printing resins, such as bisphenol A‐glycidyl methacrylate (Bis‐GMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of materials used for 3D printing dental crowns and hybrid prostheses

Bora,

Sayed Ahmed,

Alford

et al. 2023

J Esthet Restor Dent

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ObjectivesTo compare the filler weight percentage (wt%), filler and resin composition, flexural strength, modulus, and hardness of several 3D‐printed resins to direct and indirect restorative materials.Materials and MethodsFour 3D‐printed resins (C&B MFH, Ceramic Crown, OnX, and OnX Tough), one milled resin composite (Lava Ultimate), one conventional composite (Filtek Supreme), and one ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) were evaluated. Filler wt% was determined by the burned ash technique, and filler particle morphology and composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. Organic resin composition was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Three‐point bend flexural strength and modulus of the materials were determined by ISO 4049 or ISO 6872. Vickers microhardness was measured. Data were compared with a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc analysis. Linear regression analysis was performed for filler wt% versus flexural strength, modulus, and hardness.Results3D‐printed resins were composed of various sized and shaped silica fillers and various types of methacrylate resins. Significant differences were found among filler wt% with some materials around 3% (C&B MFH), others between 33% and 38% (OnX Tough and OnX), others around 50% (Ceramic Crown), and some around 72% (Filtek Supreme and Lava Ultimate). All 3D‐printed resins had significantly lower flexural strength, modulus, and hardness than the conventional and milled resin composites and ceramic material (p < 0.001). Filler wt% demonstrated a linear relationship with modulus (p = 0.013, R2 = 0.821) and hardness (p = 0.018, R2 = 0.787) but not flexural strength (p = 0.056, R2 = 0.551).Conclusions3D‐printed resins contain from 3% to 50% filler content. Filler wt% alone does not affect flexural strength, but strength may be affected by resin composition as well. Although the 3D‐printed resins had lower flexural strength, modulus, and hardness than milled and conventional composite and ceramic, they demonstrated nonbrittle plastic behavior.Clinical SignificanceThe properties of 3D‐printed resins vary based on their composition, which affects their clinical applications.

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Evaluation of fracture strength and translucency of 3D printing resin crown for carious primary anterior tooth

Ham

Lee

Kim

et al. 2023

J Korean Acad Oral Health

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Objectives:The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture strength and traslucency of 3D printing resin crowns according to different thicknesses. Methods: Resin crowns were designed with CAD software and a 3D scanner, using scanned data of the #61 tooth model. Resin Crowns with different thicknesses were printed using a 3D printer, and subsequently divided into four groups according to thickness (0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 mm). Fracture strength was compared among groups with a resin strip crown of 1.0 mm thickness. Compressive force was applied using a universal testing machine at 30° along the lingual surface at 1 mm/min cross head speed. For translucency evaluation, thin square specimens were printed of thicknesses 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 mm, and translucency was measured using a spectrophotometer. Results: As a result of fracture strength measurement, fracture strength increased as thickness increased, and a significant difference was observed solely between thicknesses of 0.3 and 0.5 mm, and the thicknesses of 0.3 and 0.5 mm (P<0.05). Translucency decreased as thickness increased, and similarly, a significant difference was observed only between thicknesses of 0.3 and 0.5 mm and the thicknesses of 0.7 and 1.0 mm (P<0.05). Conclusions: A 3D printing resin crown can be used as a clinical option for restoring a primary anterior tooth affected by caries.

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Novel 3D Printed Resin Crowns for Primary Molars: In Vitro Study of Fracture Resistance, Biaxial Flexural Strength, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

The Clinical Potential of 3D-Printed Crowns Reinforced with Zirconia and Glass Silica Microfillers

The Clinical Potential of 3D-Printed Crowns Reinforced with Zirconia and Glass Silica Microfillers

Characterization of materials used for 3D printing dental crowns and hybrid prostheses

Evaluation of fracture strength and translucency of 3D printing resin crown for carious primary anterior tooth

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