Novel Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) as Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment Approaches and Their Sustainability Assessment: A Review

Role of advanced oxidation processes in lignocellulose pretreatment towards biorefinery applications: a review on emerging trends and economic considerations

“…The use of catalysts and promoters can further facilitate these reactions, allowing a reduction in the high pressure and temperature conditions normally required for the process. 7 The chemical transformations involve all three key components within biomass.…”

“…Some physico-chemical pretreatments have the benefit of avoiding the use of chemicals or catalysts, such as liquid hot water pretreatment; 6 however, in general, they eventually generate inhibitory byproducts, require high investment and operating costs for high-pressure systems, and use chemical agents. 7 Alternatively, biological pretreatments, which employ lignocellulolytic microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria to break down the structure of biomass, are characterized by low energy demand and environmental impact, mild conditions, and no inhibitor generation during the process, but they are not still viable on a large scale due to their high cost. 8 Thus, in parallel with these pretreatments, the scientific community is also considering the possibility of lignin valorisation to produce chemicals or fuels by using ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents.…”