Novel Alginate–Chitosan Composite Microspheres for Implant Delivery of Vancomycin and In Vivo Evaluation

Abstract

In this study, vancomycin loaded alginate-chitosan composite microspheres were developed by emulsion cross-linking method. The in vitro and vivo characterizations were done to evaluate the feasibility of application. Our experimental results showed that the emulsification cross-linking technique appeared to be a feasible method for the preparation of alginate-chitosan composite microspheres. The microspheres were spherical in shape and the mean particle size and drug loading were 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% respectively. A sustained vancomycin release was realized i.e. the amount of cumulative release increased in a time frame of 24 h to reach an amount i.e. ~68%. The model that fit best for vancomycin released from the microspheres was the Higuchi kinetic model with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9996. In vivo results showed that the application of microspheres not only reduced the toxicity, but also maintained effective drug concentration. In addition, no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells were detected in histological studies.

Application of chitosan/alginate nanoparticle in oral drug delivery systems: prospects and challenges

“…Ionic gel method for CANPs has many advantages, such as the protocol are simple and fast, and easy to reach high encapsulation rate. Nevertheless, this method does not allow for a narrow particle size distribution, which will indirectly affect the drug loading capacity (Li et al., 2019 ).There are also other methods for CANPs preparation, including emulsification (Mao et al., 2016 ; Kyzioł et al., 2017 ; Khorshidian et al., 2019 ; Yue et al., 2020 ), electrostatic gelation (Aluani et al., 2017 ; Yoncheva et al., 2021 ), extrusion coagulation (ALQuadeib et al., 2020 ), co-precipitation (Yu et al., 2019 ), etcs. These methods are more complex than ionic gel method, while the control of particle size and distribution are more rigorous.…”

The Structural Characteristics of Seaweed Polysaccharides and Their Application in Gel Drug Delivery Systems

“…The combination of nano-encapsulation and BDC improved the efficiency of 5-FU in the treatment of colorectal cancer [29]. With the development of nano-biomaterials, these properties have been increasingly applied in microstructure technology [16,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Formulation and in-vitro efficacy of antifungal mucoadhesive polymeric matrices for the delivery of miconazole nitrate

“…In addition, it has been postulated that the interaction between two oppositely charged polymers results in the formation of a complex, termed as polyelectrolyte complex. Different matrices of CH, a cationic polymer, with anionic polymers including carbopol (CB), gelatin (GEL), gum arabic (GA) and alginate (ALG) have been extensively studied, and some of them, used as potential carriers for the delivery of therapeutic agents [12,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. For instance, matrices of CH and CB have been developed to facilitate the vaginal delivery of econazole nitrate [12], to prepare an extended-release matrix tablet containing theophylline [21], and to be used as potential skin drug delivery systems [22].…”

“…Matrices of CH and GA have been developed and its formation analyzed according to the pH and ionic strength [27], and applied to produce nanoparticles loaded with insulin [18]. Moreover, matrices of CH and ALG have been extensively used as bioadhesive vaginal tablets [19] and for the implant delivery of vancomycin [20], among others. Those polymers have good mucoadhesive properties, which makes them suitable candidates for the design of bioadhesive buccal dosage forms [28].…”