Novel allyl-hydrazones including 2,4-dinitrophenyl and 1,2,3-triazole moieties as optical sensor for ammonia and chromium ions in water

Abstract

It is critical to take safety action if carcinogenic heavy metals and ammonia can be detected quickly, cheaply, and selectively in an environmental sample. As a result, compound 4a [4-(1-(2-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)hydrazineylidene)-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)allyl)-5-methyl-1-phenyl-1 H-1,2,3-triazole] and compound 4b [4-(1-(2-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)hydrazineylidene)-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)allyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1 H-1,2,3-triazole] were prepared. The aldol condensation process of 4-acetyl-1,2,3-triazoles 1a,b (Ar = C6H4; 4-FC6H4) with 2-naphthaldehyde yields 1-acetyl-1,2,3-triazoles 1a,b (Ar = C6H4; 4-FC6H4) (5-methyl-1-aryl-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) -3-(naphthalen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones 3a,b with a yield of around 95%. The target compounds 4a,b are obtained in around 88% yield by condensation of 3a,b with (2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazine in a refluxing acidic medium. Compounds 4a,b exhibited possible colorimetric detection for chromium ion in the range of 0–14 ppm and ammonia in the range of 0–20 ppm. As a result, this research suggests that strong electron-withdraw groups in related probes can improve anion detection ability, while the conjugation effect should also be considered while building structures.

Development of an innovative optical sensor to detect extremely low levels of chromium in real samples using colorimetric methods

“…Tolerance limit a (mg mL −1 ) Foreign ion Tolerance limit a (mg mL −1 ) Na + , Li These ndings highlight the signicantly improved detection limit of the optode compared to previously reported methods. [33][34][35][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] The observed enhancement in sensitivity can be ascribed to the inclusion of Aliquat 336, which enhances the extraction of Cr(VI) ions from the aqueous phase, leading to improved sensitivity of the optode. In comparison to other methods, the optode exhibits superior sensitivity in detecting Cr(VI) ions.…”

“…48 Several methods have been reported for chromium measurement using optical sensors based on colorimetric techniques. [33][34][35][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] The objective of this study was to create a lm-based sensor (optode), for detecting Cr(VI) by observing color changes and its applications for real samples. The optode employed BDBFM as the indicator, which was immobilized in a CTA matrix with DOP as the plasticizer.…”

“…In the meantime, colorimetric assay based on metal optical chemical sensors (optodes) has attracted increasing attention recently, because of requiring no complex instrumentations and signal recognition can be achieved by the naked eye in the form of a color change. 31–35…”

“…48 Several methods have been reported for chromium measurement using optical sensors based on colorimetric techniques. 33–35,46–55…”

“…In the meantime, colorimetric assay based on metal optical chemical sensors (optodes) has attracted increasing attention recently, because of requiring no complex instrumentations and signal recognition can be achieved by the naked eye in the form of a color change. [31][32][33][34][35] Chemical sensor technology can provide low-cost devices that can be tuned to a wide eld of applications by coating mass-sensitive or optical transducers with a chemically sensitive layer. 36 Optical sensors, specically, operate on two fundamental principles within the realm of optical chemical sensors: (i) the absorption characteristics of the chromophore are directly inuenced by its interaction with the analyte, and/or (ii) the optical properties change as a result of conformational shis in the sensor, which are responsive to the analyte interaction.…”