Novel ANOVA-Statistic-Reduced Deep Fully Connected Neural Network for the Damage Grade Prediction of Post-Earthquake Buildings

Abstract

Earthquakes are cataclysmic events that can harm structures and human existence. The estimation of seismic damage to buildings remains a challenging task due to several environmental uncertainties. The damage grade categorization of a building takes a significant amount of time and work. The early analysis of the damage rate of concrete building structures is essential for addressing the need to repair and avoid accidents. With this motivation, an ANOVA-Statistic-Reduced Deep Fully Connected Neural Network (ASR-DFCNN) model is proposed that can grade damages accurately by considering significant damage features. A dataset containing 26 attributes from 762,106 damaged buildings was used for the model building. This work focused on analyzing the importance of feature selection and enhancing the accuracy of damage grade categorization. Initially, a dataset without primary feature selection was utilized for damage grade categorization using various machine learning (ML) classifiers, and the performance was recorded. Secondly, ANOVA was applied to the original dataset to eliminate the insignificant attributes for determining the damage grade. The selected features were subjected to 10-component principal component analysis (PCA) to scrutinize the top-ten-ranked significant features that contributed to grading the building damage. The 10-component ANOVA PCA-reduced (ASR) dataset was applied to the classifiers for damage grade prediction. The results showed that the Bagging classifier with the reduced dataset produced the greatest accuracy of 83% among all the classifiers considering an 80:20 ratio of data for the training and testing phases. To enhance the performance of prediction, a deep fully connected convolutional neural network (DFCNN) was implemented with a reduced dataset (ASR). The proposed ASR-DFCNN model was designed with the sequential keras model with four dense layers, with the first three dense layers fitted with the ReLU activation function and the final dense layer fitted with a tanh activation function with a dropout of 0.2. The ASR-DFCNN model was compiled with a NADAM optimizer with the weight decay of L2 regularization. The damage grade categorization performance of the ASR-DFCNN model was compared with that of other ML classifiers using precision, recall, F-Scores, and accuracy values. From the results, it is evident that the ASR-DFCNN model performance was better, with 98% accuracy.

Interpretable Machine Learning for Assessing the Cumulative Damage of a Reinforced Concrete Frame Induced by Seismic Sequences

“…In addition, Hybrid ML techniques have been investigated for the prediction of structural damage under earthquake excitation [25][26][27], while Mangalathu et al [28], as well as Wang et al [29], used ML techniques for classifying buildings on post-earthquake observations. Recent papers [30][31][32] also have explored the use of deep learning, which has shown great promise in rapid seismic response prediction of RC frames. Physics-guided neural networks have been used for data-driven seismic response modelling [33], elastic plate problems [34], and static rod and beam problems [35].…”