Novel antiviral agent tetraglycylated nordihydroguaiaretic acid hydrochloride as a host-dependent viral inhibitor

A microfluidic-FCS platform for investigation on the dissociation of Sp1-DNA complex by doxorubicin

“…14.6 kDa, Sp1-binding site underlined (37,38)] spanning from −87 to −65 nt of the HIV LTR promoter (7,8). This dsDNA target was formed by annealing of two high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-purified synthetic ssDNA (Integrated DNA Technology), one of which was 5′-end labeled with a Cy5 dye.…”

“…Furthermore, synergistic or direct interactions with several other TFs and cell-cycle regulatory proteins have revealed a complex role for Sp1 in mediation of transcription of many cellular genes during development (3,4) and of over-expressed genes during tumor growth (5,6). Still, previous studies have revealed that host Sp1 protein binding is critical for transcriptional regulation of several viral genes in both herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (7,8). Not surprisingly, this information led to studies aimed at developing antitumoric and antiviral compounds designed to disrupt Sp1-dependent gene expression in cancerous and infected cells.…”

“…Not surprisingly, this information led to studies aimed at developing antitumoric and antiviral compounds designed to disrupt Sp1-dependent gene expression in cancerous and infected cells. Specifically, HIV replication in cultured cells was suppressed by using mutation-insensitive DNA-interacting drugs to inhibit HIV Tat transactivation by blocking Sp1 binding at GC boxes on the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter (7,8). Similarly, growth arrest and cellular apoptosis of cancer cells were induced by inhibiting Sp1-dependent Cdc2 and survivin expression (5,6,9).…”

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid-induced Ca2+ handling and cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cells

“…NDGA is originally thought to act as a lipoxygenases inhibitor (Trang et al, 2003), but recently many other effects of this agent have been shown, such as anti-oxidation , induction of apoptosis (Hausott et al, 2003), viral inhibition (Huang et al, 2003), membrane alterations (Fujiwara et al, 2003), activation of Ca 2+ -dependent K + channels in smooth muscle cells (Yamamura et al, 1999), breakdown of pre-formed Alzheimer's beta-amyloid fibrils in vitro (Ono et al, 2002), elevation of cellular Ca 2+ level Wang et al, 2001;Su et al, 2002), etc. These effects appear to be dissociated from inhibition of lipoxygenases.…”

The anti-apoptotic effects of nordihydroguaiaretic acid: Inhibition of cPLA2 activation during TNF-induced apoptosis arises from inhibition of calcium signaling

“…More recently, this compound and its derivatives have been used as anti-oxidants in foods, as lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitors (Gerrard, 1985;Whitman et al, 2002), and as inhibitors of viral replication. NDGA and its derivatives have been shown to inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (Gnabre et al, 1995), herpes simplex virus type I (Chen et al, 1998), simian immunodeficiency virus (Huang et al, 2003) and human papilloma virus (Craigo et al, 2000). NDGA has also been reported to affect protein trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex (Drecktrah et al, 1998), and to inhibit the growth of tumor cells both in vivo and in vitro (Heller et al, 2001).…”