“…To overcome these drawbacks, doping alien ion, such as Li + , Cu 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cr 3+ or Al 3+ etc. [5,[9][10][11][12][13], and surface modification by using stable compounds, such as SiO 2 , ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , AlPO 4 , etc. [14][15][16][17][18] on LiMn 2 O 4 were used to improve the cyclic performance.…”