Novel Approach to Regeneration of Periodontal Tissues Based onin SituTissue Engineering: Effects of Controlled Release of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor from a Sandwich Membrane

Abstract

To regenerate periodontal tissues, a sandwich membrane composed of a collagen sponge scaffold and gelatin microspheres containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in a controlled-release system was developed according to the new concept of "in situ tissue engineering." A three-walled alveolar bone defect (3 x 4 x 4 mm) was made bilaterally in edentulous regions created mesially to the canines in both the maxilla and mandible of nine beagle dogs. A sandwich membrane with or without bFGF (100 microg) was implanted in each defect (each group, n = 18). During weeks 1, 2, and 4, histologic evaluation and histometric analyses were performed on three dogs. Throughout the 4 weeks, vascularization and osteogenesis were active only in the bFGF-treated group (p < 0.01). New cementum was formed (2.4 +/- 0.9 mm) on the exposed root surface at 4 weeks, and functional recovery of the periodontal ligament was indicated in part by the perpendicular orientation of regenerated collagen fibers. In the control group, epithelial downgrowth and root resorption occurred and the defects were filled with connective tissue. Thus, our sandwich membrane induced successful regeneration of the periodontal tissues in a short period of time.

Concentration- and time-dependent response of human gingival fibroblasts to fibroblast growth factor 2 immobilized on titanium dental implants

“…35 Application of FGF2 to periodontal tissue regeneration has been previously reported. 36,37 FGF2 can be immobilized on to Ti surface 24 and hydroxyapatite-chitosan scaffolds. 38 The immobilization procedure used in this study as well as the chemical inertness and stability of TiO 2 ensure that there is very little possibility for the FGF2 to react with the TiO 2 NT array.…”

Tooth-derived stem cells: Update and perspectives

“…The basic components for tissue engineering involve an interactive triad of scaffolds [79][80][81] , signaling molecules [82][83][84] and cells [24,33,41,85] , which play a fundamental role in the regeneration process [24,76,86,87] . Scaffolds serve as a threedimensional template mimicking the extracellular matrix; signaling molecules enhance this cellular activity by stimulating cells to migrate, proliferate and differentiate; and cells provide the machinery synthesis of the extracellular matrix and tissue regeneration [24,75,76,88,89] .…”

Growth factor delivery for oral and periodontal tissue engineering

“…In preclinical studies, this growth factor was evaluated for the treatment of different types of periodontal bone defects, in dogs [92][93][94][95] and non-human primates [96]. Despite different concentrations of FGF-2 and different delivery systems used in the studies, all showed an improvement in the periodontal tissue regeneration, compared with control groups.…”