Novel approaches for lithium extraction from salt-lake brines: A review

Liu, Gui; Zhao, Zhongwei; Ghahreman, Ahmad

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.05.005

Cited by 304 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 179 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

139

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The recovery of lithium from various sources such as minerals [7], seawater [8], or spent lithium-ion batteries [9] has been extensively studied in recent years. Nowadays, lithium-rich brine water remains the most important source of lithium [10]. The extraction of lithium from this kind of water source remains challenging due to the high salinity of the sources treated, and particularly in the presence of sodium and potassium, elements having similar physicochemical properties to those of lithium [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly selective transport of lithium across a supported liquid membrane

Zante

Boltoeva

Masmoudi

et al. 2020

Journal of Fluorine Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lithium extraction is a major concern in view of the increase in battery manufacturing. Separation of lithium from sodium is still challenging due to the similar chemical behavior of the two alkali metals. Sources such as brines or seawater usually contain large amounts of sodium which requires a high selectivity for the lithium extraction process. In this study, we demonstrate the application of a supported liquid membrane (SLM) with very high selectivity for the separation of lithium from sodium. A synergistic system made of heptafluorodimethyloctanedione (HFDOD) and tri-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) was selected based on its extraction efficiency (>99% of lithium extracted) and selectivity for lithium over sodium (separation factor≈400). Several parameters were studied using a SLM made of HFDOD and TOPO (lithium concentration, sodium to lithium ratio, HFDOD: TOPO ratio). It was found that high lithium permeation rates can be obtained even for low lithium concentrations and high 2 sodium concentration. Membrane stability was evaluated and was found to be poor (loss of performances after one cycle of use), due to the leakage of the organic phase and change in HFDOD: TOPO ratio. This SLM system is suitable for the extraction of lithium from brines and seawater.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly selective transport of lithium across a supported liquid membrane

Zante

Boltoeva

Masmoudi

et al. 2020

Journal of Fluorine Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 Over 90% of lithium worldwide originates from Australia, Chile, Argentina, and China. 2 Lithium is unevenly distributed in the environment, and trace amounts are present in environmental water. 3 Liquid-electrode-plasma atomic-emission-spectrometry (LEP-AES) is an easy method for quantifying multiple elements simultaneously, since it requires only 40 L of sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Ion-associate Phase Extraction/Back-microextraction for the Preconcentration and Determination of Lithium Using 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione by Liquid Electrode Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry and GF-AAS in Environmental Water

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We developed an ion-associate phase (IAP)-extraction / acid back-extraction system for the pre-concentration and atomic spectrometric determination of lithium trace amounts in water.The chelating reagent for lithium works also as a constituent of the extraction phase.The lithium in a 10 mL sample solution was converted through a chelate complex reaction with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione (HDPM). Addition of a benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium ion caused the formation of an IAP suspension in the solution. Centrifugation of the solution led to the isolation of a liquid organic phase and the lithium complex was extracted as the upper phase from the centrifuge tube. After the aqueous phase was removed, lithium was back-extracted with a 400 µL nitric acid solution from the IAP.The acid phase was measured using liquid-electrode-plasma atomic-emission-spectrometry (LEP-AES) or graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS). The detection limits were 0.02 mg/L for LEP-AES and 0.02 g/L for GF-AAS. This system was applied to the determination of environmental waters.The HDPM in the organic phase was reusable.requires only 20 L of sample. Like many atomic spectroscopic methods, both LEP-AES and GF-AAS are affected by the matrix, so some pretreatment such as separation and concentration is required.Separation and pre-concentration methods that take advantage of the small sample volume required by both LEP-AES and GF-AAS include cloud point extraction, 7, 8 dispersive liquid−liquid extraction, 9, 10 thermoresponsive polymer-mediated extraction, 11 and homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction. 12,13 These techniques are based on the dependence between equilibration temperature and time, 7, 8 the use of chloroform or chlorobenzene as an extraction solvent, 9, 10 the application of heat, 11 or the use of a fluorine-based surfactant. 12,13 In this study, we develop an ion-associate phase extraction method 14 with improved sensitivity and discerning ability against the matrix, and apply it to atomic spectroscopy. 15 This technique converts the analyte in the environmental water into an appropriate form, if necessary, and adds an organic anion and an organic cation to form an ion-associate. The resulting ion-associate phase (IAP) is separated by centrifugation and the aqueous phase is discarded. The Analytical SciencesIAP is dissolved in an organic solvent, 15 and a mixed solution consisting of an organic solvent and acid, 6 back-extracted with acid, 16 and the analyte is then measured through atomic spectroscopic methods.The hydrophobic chelating agent, DPM, acts as the organic anion in the developed IAP.The combination of IAP extraction and back extraction is the best combination for lithium pre-concentration and LEP-AES measurement. Therefore, we used this method to measure lithium in seawater by LEP-AES and in river water and spring water by GF-AAS. River water and spring water were measured by GF-AAS because the concentration of lithium is more than an order of magnitude lower than seawater and cannot be measured...

show abstract

“…To date, MOE for ironmaking is a laboratory-proven extraction technology ( Fig. 1) [12,16,17], and is foreseen as scalable considering its analogies with molten salt electrolysis, which is used to produce several millions of tonnes of metals such as Al [18,19], Mg [20,21], Li [22,23], Mn [24,25] and rare earth metals [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation and electrical properties of chromium-iron binary alloys in a corrosive molten electrolyte environment

Esmaily¹,

Mortazavi²,

Birbilis³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chromium-iron (CrFe) binary alloys have recently been proposed to serve as the ʺinertʺ anode for molten oxide electrolysis (MOE). Herein, the effects of anodic polarization on physical and functional properties of CrFe anodes in the corrosive environment of MOE are studied via empirical observations and theoretical calculations. The findings indicate that the alloys form an inner chromia-alumina solid-solution covered by an MgCr2O4 spinel layer. A survey into the electrical properties of the detected oxides suggests that the layered oxide scale function as an efficient conductor of electricity at elevated temperature. The formation mechanism of the oxides is also investigated.

show abstract

Novel approaches for lithium extraction from salt-lake brines: A review

Cited by 304 publications

References 179 publications

Highly selective transport of lithium across a supported liquid membrane

Highly selective transport of lithium across a supported liquid membrane

Organic Ion-associate Phase Extraction/Back-microextraction for the Preconcentration and Determination of Lithium Using 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione by Liquid Electrode Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry and GF-AAS in Environmental Water

Oxidation and electrical properties of chromium-iron binary alloys in a corrosive molten electrolyte environment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About