Novel Bacterial Community Associated with 500-Year-Old Unpreserved Archaeological Wood from King Henry VIII's Tudor Warship the Mary Rose

Preston, Joanne; Watts, Joy E. M.; Jones, Mark

doi:10.1128/aem.02387-12

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…were detected in this particular setting (66% and 34% of the communities, respectively). In addition, clone-library based 16S rRNA gene analyses indicated the presence of Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes 25 . While samples collected from the Nanhai No.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial community analysis and biodeterioration of waterlogged archaeological wood from the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck during storage

Liu

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Wooden shipwrecks are a significant part of the underwater cultural heritage. In 2007, the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck was salvaged from the seabed and moved into the Marine Silk Road Museum, where it is still stored in a water tank. We analysed the microbial communities colonizing the hull surface of the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck during storage. Six samples exposed to air were collected from different spots of the ship that exhibited obvious microbial plaques. High-throughput sequencing revealed the bacterial community includes both aquatic and terrestrial species, while in the fungal community, Fusarium was the most abundant genus across all samples and accounted for 84.91% to 98.40% of the total community composition. Two Fusarium species were isolated from the samples and were identified as F. solani and F. oxysporum. Both of the isolates were able to degrade cellulose, but only F. solani had the ability to degrade lignin. Antimicrobial efficacy in inhibiting the growth of Fusarium was assessed with five kinds of biocides, and isothiazolinones exhibited specific inhibition of Fusarium growth. These results provide critical background information to protect and reduce the biodegradation and destruction of this important historical shipwreck, and inform efforts to protect other similar artifacts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial community analysis and biodeterioration of waterlogged archaeological wood from the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck during storage

Liu

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…In addition, here we report on bacteria not previously detected in other wood fall experiments, which were highly abundant in our deployments, and which might have an important role in the degradation of wood: Tenacibaculum and Leadbetterella of Bacteroidetes, Novosphingobium (Alphaproteobacteria), Demequina (Actinobacteria, see also [ 14 ]) and Christensenella of Firmicutes. These genera were previously shown to be able to utilize cellulose derivatives, or to be closely related to cellulolytic taxa, isolates or sequences from wood falls and shipwrecks [ 84 , 85 , 102 , 103 , 105 , 106 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Bacterial and Faunal Communities Associated with Deep-Sea Wood Falls

et al. 2017

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Sinking of large organic food falls i.e. kelp, wood and whale carcasses to the oligotrophic deep-sea floor promotes the establishment of locally highly productive and diverse ecosystems, often with specifically adapted benthic communities. However, the fragmented spatial distribution and small area poses challenges for the dispersal of their microbial and faunal communities. Our study focused on the temporal dynamics and spatial distributions of sunken wood bacterial communities, which were deployed in the vicinity of different cold seeps in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Norwegian deep-seas. By combining fingerprinting of bacterial communities by ARISA and 454 sequencing with in situ and ex situ biogeochemical measurements, we show that sunken wood logs have a locally confined long-term impact (> 3y) on the sediment geochemistry and community structure. We confirm previous hypotheses of different successional stages in wood degradation including a sulphophilic one, attracting chemosynthetic fauna from nearby seep systems. Wood experiments deployed at similar water depths (1100–1700 m), but in hydrographically different oceanic regions harbored different wood-boring bivalves, opportunistic faunal communities, and chemosynthetic species. Similarly, bacterial communities on sunken wood logs were more similar within one geographic region than between different seas. Diverse sulphate-reducing bacteria of the Deltaproteobacteria, the sulphide-oxidizing bacteria Sulfurovum as well as members of the Acidimicrobiia and Bacteroidia dominated the wood falls in the Eastern Mediterranean, while Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteriia colonized the Norwegian Sea wood logs. Fauna and bacterial wood-associated communities changed between 1 to 3 years of immersion, with sulphate-reducers and sulphide-oxidizers increasing in proportion, and putative cellulose degraders decreasing with time. Only 6% of all bacterial genera, comprising the core community, were found at any time on the Eastern Mediterranean sunken wooden logs. This study suggests that biogeography and succession play an important role for the composition of bacteria and fauna of wood-associated communities, and that wood can act as stepping-stones for seep biota.

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“…Meanwhile, the Mary Rose core sample shows a very low S/G ratio coupled with low Ac/Al ratios, which suggests bacterial degradation has occurred. The Mary Rose wood is known to be associated with bacterial communities (39). Studies using different analytical techniques (py-GCMS, py(HMDS)-GCMS, classical wet chemistry analysis) suggest that S/G ratios may also be lower in heartwood samples compared to sapwood samples due to fundamental differences in the cell structure of the living tree as it ages (38,40).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preservation of English Oak in Marine Environments

Montgomery

Schofield²,

Sephton³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This study compares the chemical integrity of English Oak (Quercus robur) samples with an age range of four centuries by analysing the lignin degradation. The samples were collected from four historic British vessels and thus represent samples of diverse ages which have nonetheless experienced similar non-arboreal environments. We conclude that the Mary Rose, the oldest vessel studied and the recipient of the most intensive conservation efforts, has been well-preserved through treatment with PEG, and we present a baseline for assessing whether a ship has been biologically degraded. The work combines quantitative analytic chemistry techniques (e.g., THM-GC-MS) with the conservation of large historic artifacts.

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Novel Bacterial Community Associated with 500-Year-Old Unpreserved Archaeological Wood from King Henry VIII's Tudor Warship the Mary Rose

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Microbial community analysis and biodeterioration of waterlogged archaeological wood from the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck during storage

Microbial community analysis and biodeterioration of waterlogged archaeological wood from the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck during storage

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Bacterial and Faunal Communities Associated with Deep-Sea Wood Falls

The Preservation of English Oak in Marine Environments

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