Novel Bacterial Lipoprotein Structures Conserved in Low-GC Content Gram-positive Bacteria Are Recognized by Toll-like Receptor 2

Kurokawa, Kenji; Ryu, Kyoung-Hwa; Ichikawa, Rie; Masuda, Akira; Kim, Minsu; Lee, Hanna; Chae, Jun-Ho; Shimizu, Takashi; Saitoh, Tatsuya; Kuwano, Koichi; Akira, Shizuo; Dohmae, Naoshi; Nakayama, Hiroshi; Lee, Bok Luel

doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.292235

Cited by 68 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1B) (15). An N-acyl-S-diacylglyceryl-cysteine was also found in five other Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis (16). Interestingly, in other low-GC Gram-positive bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, an N-acyl-S-monoacylglyceryl-cysteine (named the lyso structure) has been identified (16) (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Lipoproteins of Gram-Positive Bacteria: Key Players in the Immune Response and Virulence

Nguyen

Götz

2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

154

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYSince the discovery in 1973 of the first of the bacterial lipoproteins (Lpp) inEscherichia coli, Braun's lipoprotein, the ever-increasing number of publications indicates the importance of these proteins. Bacterial Lpp belong to the class of lipid-anchored proteins that in Gram-negative bacteria are anchored in both the cytoplasmic and outer membranes and in Gram-positive bacteria are anchored only in the cytoplasmic membrane. In contrast to the case for Gram-negative bacteria, in Gram-positive bacteria lipoprotein maturation and processing are not vital. Physiologically, Lpp play an important role in nutrient and ion acquisition, allowing particularly pathogenic species to better survive in the host. Bacterial Lpp are recognized by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) of the innate immune system. The important role of Lpp in Gram-positive bacteria, particularly in the phylumFirmicutes, as key players in the immune response and pathogenicity has emerged only in recent years. In this review, we address the role of Lpp in signaling and modulating the immune response, in inflammation, and in pathogenicity. We also address the potential of Lpp as promising vaccine candidates.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Lipoproteins of Gram-Positive Bacteria: Key Players in the Immune Response and Virulence

Nguyen

Götz

2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

154

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The E. coli-type Lnt is conserved in most Gram-negative bacteria and in high-GC-content, Gram-positive bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptomyces coelicolor, which were shown to contain triacyl lipoproteins (36,38). However, in the absence of the E. coli-type Lnt homolog, some low-GC-content, Gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasmas, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Acholeplasma laidlawii, contain the N-acylated triacyl lipoprotein form, too (3,18,31). Furthermore, we recently discovered new classes of N-acylated lipid-modified structures in low-GC-content Gram-positive bacteria, the lyso form and the N-acetyl form (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, pro-lipoprotein signal peptidase (Lsp) cleaves the signal peptide on the N-terminal side of the lipid-modified cysteine, resulting in the formation of diacyl lipoproteins (apolipoproteins). Diacyl lipoproteins are found in Listeria monocytogenes and some mycoplasmas, including Mycoplasma fermentans (18,21,22). Apolipoprotein N-acyltransferase (Lnt) further acylates the diacyl lipoproteins on their cysteine ␣-amino groups, resulting in the triacyl lipoprotein form (holo-lipoproteins) (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the absence of the E. coli-type Lnt homolog, some low-GC-content, Gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasmas, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Acholeplasma laidlawii, contain the N-acylated triacyl lipoprotein form, too (3,18,31). Furthermore, we recently discovered new classes of N-acylated lipid-modified structures in low-GC-content Gram-positive bacteria, the lyso form and the N-acetyl form (18). The lyso form is named for the N-acyl-Smonoacyl-glyceryl cysteine-containing bacterial lipoprotein structure, where one of two acyl chains in the S-diacyl-glyceryl group does not exist.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Environment-Mediated Accumulation of Diacyl Lipoproteins over Their Triacyl Counterparts in Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacterial lipoproteins are believed to exist in only one specific lipid-modified structure, such as the diacyl form or the triacyl form, in each bacterium. In the case of Staphylococcus aureus , recent extensive matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis revealed that S. aureus lipoproteins exist in the α-aminoacylated triacyl form. Here, we discovered conditions that induce the accumulation of diacyl lipoproteins that lack α-aminoacylation in S. aureus . The accumulation of diacyl lipoproteins required a combination of conditions, including acidic pH and a post-logarithmic-growth phase. High temperatures and high salt concentrations additively accelerated the accumulation of the diacyl lipoprotein form. Following a post-logarithmic-growth phase where S. aureus MW2 cells were grown at pH 6, SitC lipoprotein was found almost exclusively in its diacyl structure rather than in its triacyl structure. This is the first report showing that the environment mediates lipid-modified structural alterations of bacterial lipoproteins.

show abstract

“…Recent reports suggest, however, that N-acylation does occur in bacteria that lack an obvious lnt gene (1, 8, 9, 11). Kurokawa et al recently showed that lipoproteins of low-GC Gram-positive bacteria have various modifications on their ␣-amino groups (9). Not only N-acyl-S-diacyl but also N-acyl-S-monoacyl, N-acetyl-S-diacyl, and N-peptidyl-S-diacyl were detected, suggesting that N-acylation is a more widespread and diverse phenomenon than previously thought!…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

N -Acylation of Lipoproteins: Not When Sour

Buddelmeijer

2012

J Bacteriol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Novel Bacterial Lipoprotein Structures Conserved in Low-GC Content Gram-positive Bacteria Are Recognized by Toll-like Receptor 2

Cited by 68 publications

References 43 publications

Lipoproteins of Gram-Positive Bacteria: Key Players in the Immune Response and Virulence

Lipoproteins of Gram-Positive Bacteria: Key Players in the Immune Response and Virulence

Environment-Mediated Accumulation of Diacyl Lipoproteins over Their Triacyl Counterparts in Staphylococcus aureus

N -Acylation of Lipoproteins: Not When Sour

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About