Novel Basic Science Insights to Improve the Management of Heart Failure: Review of the Working Group on Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Heart of the Italian Society of Cardiology

Abstract

Despite important advances in diagnosis and treatment, heart failure (HF) remains a syndrome with substantial morbidity and dismal prognosis. Although implementation and optimization of existing technologies and drugs may lead to better management of HF, new or alternative strategies are desirable. In this regard, basic science is expected to give fundamental inputs, by expanding the knowledge of the pathways underlying HF development and progression, identifying approaches that may improve HF detection and prognostic stratification, and finding Int.

Features of Prediction of Heart Failure in Patients with Peripheral Atherosclerosis During a Three-Year Prospective Follow-Up

“…Так, модель сердечной недостаточности SHFM является самой популярной для оценки продолжительности жизни пациентов с ХСН на амбулаторном этапе. Она была создана на основании исследования PRAISE1 и апробирована на жителях США и Италии [12].…”

Exploring the Potential Role of the Gut Microbiome in Chemotherapy-Induced Neurocognitive Disorders and Cardiovascular Toxicity

“…Subsequent changes in the gut barrier and microbiota composition trigger bacterial translocation and inflammatory response. Moreover, the progression of heart failure is associated with the presence of LPS and metabolites related to cardiovascular diseases in the bloodstream [ 150 ]. Chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system increases cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the release of vascular growth hormone, which contributes to vasoconstriction and atherosclerosis [ 151 ].…”

From Genetic Mutations to Molecular Basis of Heart Failure Treatment: An Overview of the Mechanism and Implication of the Novel Modulators for Cardiac Myosin

“…Therefore, the ventricular cavity volume is the major determinant causing the ejection fraction to be significantly lower in DCM than in HCM. Although the etiology of primary cardiomyopathy remains unclear, various genetic mutations associated with primary cardiomyopathy have been uncovered [ 41 ]. In addition, factors such as proteasome dysfunction [ 42 ], sarcomeric protein isoform transitions [ 43 ], and altered protein phosphorylation [ 44 ] are related to primary cardiomyopathy.…”

“…ß-myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) and myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) are the most frequent sarcomere mutations, accounting for approximately 80% of all HCM cases [ 51 ]. Although other sarcomeric genes are less frequently implicated, mutations in any components of sarcomere, such as α-tropomyosin gene, cardiac troponin T gene (TNNT2), ventricular myosin essential light chain gene, ventricular myosin regulatory light chain 2 (MYL2) gene, cardiac troponin I gene, cardiac α-actin, cardiac troponin C, and cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3, can result in HCM [ 41 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. The analysis of functional changes related to mutations in sarcomere components, including myosin heavy chains, α-tropomyosin, and cardiac troponin T, mainly focuses on decreased power generation [ 59 , 60 ].…”