Novel BaTiO₃/PVDF composites with enhanced electrical properties modified by calcined BaTiO₃ ceramic powders

Advances in Piezoelectric Polymer Composites for Energy Harvesting Applications: A Systematic Review

“…In 2017, Li et al . reported a novel method to modify the electrical properties of BaTiO 3 /PVDF composites by the incorporation of calcined BaTiO 3 ceramic powders.…”

Hybrid Tribo-Piezo-Electric Nanogenerator with Unprecedented Performance Based on Ferroelectric Composite Contacting Layers

“…The piezoelectric response allows calculation of the piezoelectric coefficient effective value d 33 which for the 25% BaTiO 3 composite reaches 47.9 pC N −1 (calculation shown in Figure S10 and eq S1) while values reported in the literature for similar ferroelectric PVDF/BaTiO 3 composites range from 2.7 to 25 pC N −1 . 32,33 A greater piezoelectric coefficient can be related to a significantly larger deformability due to high porosity (with consideration of bulk density, weight, and thickness, the porosity was estimated to be around 70%) of the samples. Porosity provides space for local deformations in the material that are important for piezoelectric charge generation and boosts the formation of β-PVDF.…”

Investigation of Piezoelectricity and Resistivity of Surface Modified Barium Titanate Nanocomposites

“…The longitudinal piezoelectric strain coefficients are along the same magnitude of those reported by others [9,42,43], while some workers values are slightly higher due to the piezoelectric nature of the matrix (PVDF) that was not the case for the work herein. It is well known that the crystal structure of BTO powder changes with its size, where at room temperature tetragonality decreases as BTO particle mean diameter decreases up to~0.3 µm, and below this diameter it decreases more to~0.1 µm, where below this, cubic and pseudo-cubic structures exist [41,42,44,89], which results in substantial decreases in piezoelectric coefficients below mean diameters of 0.3 µm. In addition, the coating of the nano-particles with an insulative layer enhances the bond between the particle and the matrix, which ultimately enhances the matrix's ability to carry the charge from the polarization process to the particle surface by overcoming the surface resistance and incompatibility between the matrix material and the BTO particles.…”

“…Also, workers such as, Defebvin et al [43] fabricated nano-composites that incorporated nano BTO powder (particle mean diameter~200 nm) at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 wt % BTO within a poly(-vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix, where the maximum piezoelectric strain coefficient of~1.5 pC/N was recorded for 30 wt % of BTO. Similarly, [44] fabricated PVDF (mean diameter~3 µm)-BTO (particle mean diameter~1 µm) composites and determined that the piezoelectric properties of the composites were influenced by the calcining temperature of the BTO, and size and morphology of the BTO particle. Li et al [44] also concluded that sintering the BTO powder at higher temperatures up to~950 • C enabled the BTO to transition from the rhombohedral to the tetragonal phase, while sintering temperatures above this reduced the appearance of the (002) peak.…”

“…Similarly, [44] fabricated PVDF (mean diameter~3 µm)-BTO (particle mean diameter~1 µm) composites and determined that the piezoelectric properties of the composites were influenced by the calcining temperature of the BTO, and size and morphology of the BTO particle. Li et al [44] also concluded that sintering the BTO powder at higher temperatures up to~950 • C enabled the BTO to transition from the rhombohedral to the tetragonal phase, while sintering temperatures above this reduced the appearance of the (002) peak.…”