Novel Bi2O3 nanoporous film fabricated by anodic oxidation and its photoelectrochemical performance

Lv, Xiaowei; Zhao, Jianling; Wang, Xixin; Xu, Xingru; Bai, Liyun; Wang, Buxue

doi:10.1007/s10008-012-1996-9

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…24 This preparation resulted in a slightly better bandgap 2.63-2.82 eV. Kanazirski et al obtained Bi 2 O 3 via anodization in phosphoric acid electrolyte medium at various voltages from 100-160 V. 32 The bandgap was found to be 2.8 eV for samples anodized at 100-120 V and 2.6 eV for samples anodized at 120-160 V. In comparison, the present study reports a bandgap of 2.48 eV that is characteristic of β-Bi 2 O 3 .Lv et al 36 formed Bi 2 O 3 films through anodization of bismuth foil at 20 V in electrolytes containing glycol and ammonium sulfate. While the study did not report a bandgap for the films, it did report that the photocurrent generated was as large as 2.893 and 6.980 μA/cm 2 under 0 and 0.5 V bias voltage, respectively.…”

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confidence: 40%

Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance of Anodic Nanoporous β-Bi₂O₃

Chitrada

Raja

Gakhar

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Bismuth oxide has well-dispersed valence bands that show enhanced mobility of charge carriers, high refractive index, and large dielectric constant. These properties are attractive for photo catalysis. Thin films of bismuth oxide containing vertically oriented and uniformly distributed nanopores of controllable dimensions were synthesized by a simple electrochemical anodization of a bismuth metal substrate in citric acid solution at 3-60 V. Annealing the anodic nanoporous Bi 2 O 3 at 200 • C for 2 h resulted in stabilization of the metastable β-Bi 2 O 3 phase at room temperature. The nanoporous anodic oxides showed an energy bandgap of 2.48 eV, and n-type semiconductivity. Scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results suggested a dual layered structure of the anodic oxide with a nanoporous outer layer and a planar inner layer. Thickness of the inner layer predominantly influenced the impedance of the anodic oxide. Under simulated 1-sun intensity, a maximum photo current density of 0.97 mA/cm 2 was observed in 1 M KOH at a potential of 1.53 VRHE for the sample anodized at 10 V. A positive shift in the flatband potential upon illumination suggested accumulation of photo generated holes due to low catalytic activity of the anodic bismuth oxide for oxygen evolution reaction. The observed photo current density of the nanoporous anodic oxide of bismuth was an order of magnitude higher than that of the planar anodic oxide, and twice that of thin film β-Bi 2 O 3 prepared by reactive sputtering.Synthesis of ordered arrays of nanoporous and nanotubular oxides of Al, Ti, and other valve metals has been investigated extensively because of their potential applications in solar energy conversion, energy storage, photocatalysts, sensors, and as templates for nanowire growth. 1-8 Enhanced photo catalytic, electrical, and electrochemical properties were reported for the nanoporous and nanotubular oxides, particularly TiO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 , when compared to their bulk crystalline counterparts. 9-14 Bismuth is different from regular valve metals such as Al, Ti, Nb etc., because of its semi-metallic nature and high atomic number with the electron configuration [Xe]4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 3 . The large nuclear charge of bismuth increases the velocity of the 1s electrons to such an extent that the relativistic effect becomes significant which increases the mass of 1s electron by 26% and decreases the Bohr radius by 20%. Furthermore, the 6s electrons are less available for bonding. The normally degenerate p orbitals are split in to one spherically symmetric p 1/2 and two doughnut shaped p 3/2 orbitals because of the high degree of spin-orbit interaction. Since the p 3/2 orbitals have higher energy than p 1/2 , the p 3/2 electron is removed during first ionization of Bi resulting in an electron configuration of Bi(I) as 6s 2 6p 2 1/2 6p 0 3/2 . The major relativistic effects of bismuth are its lowest tendency to form a hybrid orbital and increasing tendency to form pyramidal structure. 15 The lone electron pa...

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confidence: 40%

Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance of Anodic Nanoporous β-Bi₂O₃

Chitrada

Raja

Gakhar

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…[14][15][16] However, significant efforts to anodize Bi to receive Bi 2 O 3 nanostructures were just carried out within the last decade. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] The first article on the formation of Bi-based nanostructures upon the anodization of Bi was published by Yang et al in 2010. [17] The authors received BiPO 4 nanorods by anodization of Bi sheets in phosphoric acid containing various concentrations of HF, an electrolyte that was also used to produce TiO 2 nanotube layers.…”

Section: Bismuth Oxychloride Nanoplatelets By Breakdown Anodizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17] The authors received BiPO 4 nanorods by anodization of Bi sheets in phosphoric acid containing various concentrations of HF, an electrolyte that was also used to produce TiO 2 nanotube layers. [29,30] Nanoporous Bi 2 O 3 films were produced by anodization in glycol electrolyte containing (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and H 2 O, [18] as well as in citric acid based electrolytes. [19][20][21][22] Ahila et al reported on the anodization of Bi in diluted sodium hydroxide solution [23,24] to fabricate nanostructured Bi 2 O 3 films.…”

Section: Bismuth Oxychloride Nanoplatelets By Breakdown Anodizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismuth Oxychloride Nanoplatelets by Breakdown Anodization

et al. 2018

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Herein, the synthesis of BiOCl nanoplatelets of various dimensions is demonstrated. These materials were prepared by anodic oxidation of Bi ingots in diluted HCl under dielectric breakdown conditions, triggered by a sufficiently high anodic field. Additionally, it is shown that the use of several other common diluted acids (HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 , lactic acid) resulted in the formation of various different nanostructures. The addition of NH 4 F to the acidic electrolytes accelerated the growth rate resulting in bismuth‐based nanostructures with comparably smaller dimensions and an enormous volume expansion observed during the growth. On the other hand, the addition of lactic acid to the acidic electrolytes decelerated the oxide growth rate. The resulting nanostructures were characterized using SEM, XRD and TEM. BiOCl nanoplatelets received by anodization in 1 M HCl were successfully employed for the photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue dye and showed a superior performance compared to commercially available BiOCl powder with a similar crystalline structure, confirming its potential as a visible light photocatalyst.

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“…Bi 2 O 3 micro-and nanostructures have already been exploited in gas sensors [1], solid oxide fuel cells [2], (photo)catalysis [3,4] and supercapacitors [5]. In order to obtain materials with as large a surface area as possible, much work has been carried out over recent years to prepare nanostructured Bi 2 O 3 in the form of nanorods [6], nanoplates [7], nanowires [8], nanopores [9] or nanoparticles [10]. Various approaches have been tried, including hydrothermal methods [6,7], a room-temperature solution synthesis [8], anodic oxidation [9], and gel to crystal conversion [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, several attempts have been made to anodize bismuth substrates to produce structures similar to Al 2 O 3 or TiO 2 . However, bismuth phosphate nanorods [19], non-organized Bi 2 O 3 nanoporous films [9,20,21] or thin films consisting of faceted Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles were obtained [22], rather than organized nanoporous or nanotubular layers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%