“…In addition, laccases can catalyze the one-electron oxidation of various organic and inorganic substrates, including phenols, ketones, phosphates, ascorbates, amines, and lignin. Free laccases extracted from nature have the disadvantages of poor stability, a short lifespan, being difficult to recycle, and high cost, meaning it is generally difficult for them to tolerate harsh industrial processing conditions [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Researchers have mainly modified enzymes through protein engineering, non-covalent modification, chemical modification, and immobilization [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”