Novel biomarkers of periodontitis and/or obesity in saliva—An exploratory analysis

Abstract

Objective Recent studies point to the clinical and research utility of saliva as a valuable diagnostic aid for monitoring periodontal health. The objectives of this study were to detect novel biomarkers attributed to chronic inflammation in saliva and to determine if the levels of these markers correlate with severity of periodontitis and with standard obesity measures in participants in a periodontal maintenance program. Design In this cross-sectional assessment of 63 participants, unstimulated whole saliva was collected after recording anthropometric and clinical parameters of obesity and periodontitis, respectively. The levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), sCD40L, granzyme B and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in saliva were determined using multiplex proteomic immunoassays. The correlation between the four tested biomarker concentrations and obesity/periodontal measures was determined. Results Positive correlation between fat% and granzyme B levels (r=0.292; p=0.020) and negative correlation between BMI and sCD40L (r=0.256;p=0.043) was observed. In addition, positive correlation between severity of periodontal disease and levels of IL1-ra (r=0.253; p=0.046) and negative correlation between periodontitis severity and sCD40L salivary levels (r=0.272; p=0.031) was noted. None of the above correlations remained statistically significant after multiple comparisons adjustment. After adjustment for clinical covariates, the relationship between sCD40L and periodontal severity remained suggestive (p=0.081). Conclusions Levels of four novel biomarkers of periodontitis were detectable in saliva of subjects enrolled in a periodontal maintenance program. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes and other populations are warranted to explore the diagnostic applicability of these markers.

Chemerin and interleukin‐6 levels in obese individuals following periodontal treatment

“…In addition, BMI and WHR positively correlated with the number of PPD with 4–5 mm and with 6 mm or more in the present study. Recker et al , reported that waist circumference, but not BMI and fat%, was positively correlated with the severity of periodontitis, whereas Saxlin et al , found that all three parameters were positively correlated with the number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets. These findings could be interpreted to indicate that increased body weight has a detrimental effect on periodontal status.…”

Use of Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Periodontitis

“…Additionally, the use of periodontal probes, and radiography could only provide information about previous periodontal damage rather than the current state [93]. Thus, biomarkers have been proposed as complementary methods to defeat the mentioned limitations monitoring the clinical response to an intervention and future risk [95].…”

Immune response profiling of primary monocytes and oral keratinocytes to different Tannerella forsythia strains and their cell surface mutants

“…Infection of HOK with either T. forsythia ATCC 43037 or UB4, also induced the release of IL‐1Ra, an anti‐inflammatory cytokine blocking ligand receptor binding of IL‐1β . Levels of IL‐1Ra are increased in gingival crevicular fluid from periodontitis patients and IL‐1Ra levels in saliva have been shown to correlate with the severity of the disease; however, induction of IL‐1Ra by T. forsythia has not been described.…”