Novel biomarkers with promising benefits for diagnosis of cervical neoplasia: a systematic review

Onyango, Calleb George; Ogonda, Lilian; Guyah, Bernard; Shiluli, Clement; Ganda, Gregory; Orang’o, Omenge; Patel, KM

doi:10.1186/s13027-020-00335-2

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…While results such as those mentioned above show that CEA is of great significance for the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer, its role in early diagnosis is less convincing as it has poor specificity and its level of increase in the early stage of lung cancer is not obvious. SCC-Ag exists in squamous epithelial cells, participates in the differentiation of the squamous epithelial layer, participates in tumor growth in tumor cells, and is often used in the diagnosis of squamous epithelial cell-origin cancer ( 18 ). While initially used to screen for cervical cancer, later studies found that SCC-Ag levels are also elevated in lung SCC and SCC-Ag is an effective biomarker for that disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The value of combined detection of CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCC-Ag, and pro-GRP in the differential diagnosis of lung cancer

Li¹,

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Transl Cancer Res TCR

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Background: To investigate the value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), and gastrin-releasing peptide (pro-GRP) in the differential diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods:We enrolled 120 patients with malignant lung cancer who were treated at our hospital between June 2018 to June 2020. A further 58 patients with benign lung tumors and 60 healthy volunteers were also enrolled. Serum levels of CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCC-Ag, and pro-GRP were determined and compared across different populations, different pathological types, and different TNM stages. An ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the value of the four indicators when combined for the diagnosis of lung cancer.Results: The levels of CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCC-Ag, and pro-GRP in the malignant group were significantly higher than those in the benign and healthy groups (P<0.05). CEA in adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and small cell carcinoma (P>0.05), and CYFRA21-1 in non-small cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that in small cell carcinoma (P<0.05).Pro-GRP in small cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that in non-small cell carcinoma (P<0.05), and the SCC-Ag level in SCC was significantly higher than that in small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in CEA among various pathological types (P>0.05).However, there were significant differences in the levels of CEA and pro-GRP in different TMN stages (P<0.05), and in the levels of CEA and pro-GRP in different TMN stages (P<0.05) where from stage I to stage IV CEA, pro -GRP levels increased. There was a significant difference in CYFRA21-1 levels in stages I-III (P<0.05), and in stages III and IV, although there was no statistically significant difference in SCC-Ag in different stages (P>0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for the combined diagnosis of lung cancer with the four markers was 0.9250 (95% CI: 0.8866-0.9634), the sensitivity was 93.29%, and the specificity was 84.32%.Conclusions: Joint inspection of CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCC-Ag, and pro-GRP levels has certain clinical value for the differential diagnosis of lung cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The value of combined detection of CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCC-Ag, and pro-GRP in the differential diagnosis of lung cancer

Li¹,

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Transl Cancer Res TCR

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“…HPV infections can lead to cervical cancer by causing genetic instability, hyperproliferation, and immortalization of the mucosa. Several molecular markers linked to this neoplastic mechanism are informative [161]. Quantitative chromosomal and DNA aneuploidy analysis is a useful method for detecting H-SIL progression [162].…”

Section: Specimen Adequacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Screening of Cervical Cancer

Comparetto¹,

Borruto²

2021

obm genet

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Medical genetics plays an important role in the screening and prevention of numerous diseases. Thus, it is important to develop effective screening and prevention programs and improve the assessment of the susceptibility of diseases. The development of screening and prevention programs depends on the identification of early biomarkers (including functional and behavioral) for the risk and onset of the disease, and such programs need to be designed according to internationally accepted criteria. Cervical cancer represents a very relevant disease from the health and social perspective; around 528,000 new cases are diagnosed every year globally, of which, 85% are from developing countries, representing almost 12% of all cancers in females. Substantial reductions in the incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer have been observed after the introduction of prevention campaigns with the implementation of cervical screening programs through Papanicolaou (Pap) tests and, in particular, following the introduction of organized programs which guarantee a high level of screening coverage, as well as, the quality and continuity of diagnostic-therapeutic procedures. It is estimated that Pap smear screening every 3-5 years provides 80% protection against the onset of cancer. Advances in diagnostic techniques, particularly the development of easy-to-use molecular genetic tests, are replacing the use of the established Pap smear as a screening tool. This is possible owing to the discovery in 1975 that some cellular morphological changes (koilocytosis) were related to the presence of a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The HPV test is performed on a small sample of cells taken from the cervix, similar to the Pap test; however, it is not a morphological exam but a molecular biology exam that detects the presence of HPV by identifying its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). The results of numerous experimental studies have demonstrated a greater sensitivity of this test compared to the sensitivity of the traditional Pap test. However, the HPV test has a lower specificity due to two main factors: 1) The HPV test is based on the search for the types of viruses that have a greater oncogenic potential, and 2) It does not discriminate between transient infections and persistent and productive infections. The most widely used molecular tests are based on the search for HPV sequences and genotyping using molecular biology techniques, such as direct hybridization, qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and viral nucleotide sequencing.

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“…Of all the gynecologic cancers, cervical cancer (CC) and endometrial cancer (EC) are the most common tumors of the female genital tract in the world, followed by ovarian cancer [1]. In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that abnormally expressed tumor markers may be involved in cancer initiation and progression, such as p16INKa/ki-67, E6/E7, PTEN, and ANXA2 [2][3][4][5][6]. Despite large efforts to develop novel biomarkers, cervical and endometrial cancers continue to be a serious health problem among women [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LASSO and Bioinformatics Analysis in the Identification of Key Genes for Prognostic Genes of Gynecologic Cancer

Cai

Chen

et al. 2021

JPM

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The aim of this study is to identify potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of gynecologic cancer in order to improve survival. Cervical cancer (CC) and endometrial cancer (EC) are the most common malignant tumors of gynecologic cancer among women in the world. As the underlying molecular mechanisms in both cervical and endometrial cancer remain unclear, a comprehensive and systematic bioinformatics analysis is required. In our study, gene expression profiles of GSE9750, GES7803, GES63514, GES17025, GES115810, and GES36389 downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were utilized to analyze differential gene expression between cancer and normal tissues. A total of 78 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common to CC and EC were identified to perform the functional enrichment analyses, including gene ontology and pathway analysis. KEGG pathway analysis of 78 DEGs indicated that three main types of pathway participate in the mechanism of gynecologic cancer such as drug metabolism, signal transduction, and tumorigenesis and development. Furthermore, 20 diagnostic signatures were confirmed using the least absolute shrink and selection operator (LASSO) regression with 10-fold cross validation. Finally, we used the GEPIA2 online tool to verify the expression of 20 genes selected by the LASSO regression model. Among them, the expression of PAMR1 and SLC24A3 in tumor tissues was downregulated significantly compared to the normal tissue, and found to be statistically significant in survival rates between the CC and EC of patients (p < 0.05). The two genes have their function: (1.) PAMR1 is a tumor suppressor gene, and many studies have proven that overexpression of the gene markedly suppresses cell growth, especially in breast cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome; (2.) SLC24A3 is a sodium–calcium regulator of cells, and high SLC24A3 levels are associated with poor prognosis. In our study, the gene signatures can be used to predict CC and EC prognosis, which could provide novel clinical evidence to serve as a potential biomarker for future diagnosis and treatment.

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Novel biomarkers with promising benefits for diagnosis of cervical neoplasia: a systematic review

Cited by 31 publications

References 79 publications

The value of combined detection of CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCC-Ag, and pro-GRP in the differential diagnosis of lung cancer

The value of combined detection of CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCC-Ag, and pro-GRP in the differential diagnosis of lung cancer

Genetic Screening of Cervical Cancer

LASSO and Bioinformatics Analysis in the Identification of Key Genes for Prognostic Genes of Gynecologic Cancer

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