Novel CaF2 Nanocomposites with Antibacterial Function and Fluoride and Calcium Ion Release to Inhibit Oral Biofilm and Protect Teeth

Abstract

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to develop a novel dental nanocomposite containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), and nanoparticles of calcium fluoride (nCaF2) for preventing recurrent caries via antibacterial, protein repellent and fluoride releasing capabilities. (2) Methods: Composites were made by adding 3% MPC, 3% DMAHDM and 15% nCaF2 into bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) (denoted BT). Calcium and fluoride ion releases were evaluated. Biofilms of human saliva were assessed. (3) Results: nCaF2+DMAHDM+MPC composite had the lowest biofilm colony forming units (CFU) and the greatest ion release; however, its mechanical properties were lower than commercial control composite (p < 0.05). nCaF2+DMAHDM composite had similarly potent biofilm reduction, with mechanical properties matching commercial control composite (p > 0.05). Fluoride and calcium ion releases from nCaF2+DMAHDM were much more than commercial composite. Biofilm CFU on composite was reduced by 4 logs (n = 9, p < 0.05). Biofilm metabolic activity and lactic acid were also substantially reduced by nCaF2+DMAHDM, compared to commercial control composite (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The novel nanocomposite nCaF2+DMAHDM achieved strong antibacterial and ion release capabilities, without compromising the mechanical properties. This bioactive nanocomposite is promising to reduce biofilm acid production, inhibit recurrent caries, and increase restoration longevity.

Antibiofilm and Protein-Repellent Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Acrylic Resin for Treatment of Denture Stomatitis

“…For example, medical devices with protein-repelling properties have been used in artificial blood vessels, implantable artificial hearts, and artificial lungs [ 28 ]. In dentistry, protein repellents have been synthesized with various chemical formulations and incorporated into composite materials, bonding agents, and denture acrylics to inhibit oral biofilm infections [ 27 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Synergistic Effect of Bioactive Inorganic Fillers in Enhancing Properties of Dentin Adhesives—A Review

“…Calcium and fluoride are considered essential ions that can remineralize tooth structure [ 58 ]. The inclusion of CaF 2 nanoparticles in the material makes it antibacterial [ 59 ], stimulates fluoride release [ 60 ], and protects tooth structure against acidic attacks [ 61 ]. Historically, CaF 2 nanoparticles have been added in different dental materials, including pit and fissure sealants [ 62 ], glass ionomer cements [ 63 ], and DAs [ 64 ] and have yielded positive results.…”

“…Another earlier study reported that a 2.0 wt.% CaF 2 filler containing composite demonstrated the highest Vickers hardness, compared with the controls [ 67 ]. In a previous study, nanocomposites containing CaF 2 revealed strong antibacterial and ion releasing properties [ 61 ]. A significant concern with the use of CaF 2 nanoparticles is their stability; however, they are aptly stable in the oral environment than generally presumed [ 68 ].…”

Release and Recharge of Fluoride Ions from Acrylic Resin Modified with Bioactive Glass

“…However, it was not possible to maintain the ion releasing effect over a longer period of time [ 14 , 15 ]. Promising results were obtained with incorporation of nanoparticles of calcium fluoride (nCaF 2 ) to the nanocomposite filling material [ 16 ]. Another efficient source of fluoride ions used in the modification of dental materials are glasses or ceramics, which are a part of glass-ionomer cements (GIC): Full pre-reacted glass–ionomer fillers (F-PRG) and surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer cements (S-PRG) [ 17 , 18 ].…”