Novel Calixarene/Carbon Nanotubes Based Screen Printed Sensors for Flow Injection Potentiometric Determination of Naproxen

Abstract

Novel sensitive disposable sensors have been introduced for potentiometric determination of naproxen (NAP) based on single‐walled carbon nanotubes‐polyvinyl chloride (SWNTs‐PVC) composite incorporated of calix[4]arene as host‐guest molecular recognition element. The electrode matrix composition was optimized on the basis of the nature and content of the sensing element, cationic sites, plasticizer and nanomaterial. Remarkable selectivity and sensitivity towards NAP was achieved in the concentration range from 10−8 to 10−2 mol L−1 with anionic Nernstian compliance −61.0±0.0 mV decade−1. Modification with calixarene and carbon nanotubes improved the sensors performance through formation of NAP‐calixarene inclusion complex and promotion of the electron‐transfer processes which enhance the potential stability, response time, and shelf lifetime of the sensor. The proposed sensors were successfully applied for the potentiometric assay of NAP in dosage formulation and biological fluids under batch and flow injection analysis (FIA) conditions with average recoveries agreeable with the reported official methods.

Potentiometric sensors for the determination of pharmaceutical drugs

“…For example, Elmorsy et al developed novel disposable potentiometric sensors for detection of naproxen (NAP) that relied on single-walled carbon nanotubes-polyvinyl chloride (SWNTs-PVC) composite combined of calix [4]arene as host-guest molecular identification element 22 . The developed sensors have been applied for the assay of NAP with a fast response time and good stability reaches 24 weeks.…”

Metal Nanoparticles and Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Improved Performances of Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors with Biomedical Applications

“…Super critical CO 2 medium was used as a novel approach for the decoration of MWCNTs with metal nanoparticles, the best results for vitamin B6 determination was achieved by using the SPE modified with RuNPs-MWCNTs, resulting in a minimum three-fold increase in sensitivity [ 274 ]. A nanocomposite based on MWCNTs-polyvinyl chloride and calixarene as a molecular recognition element have been used for SPE modification and applied for gentamicin potentiometric determination improving the stability, response time, lifetime, sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor [ 275 ]. Carboxylated MWCNTs decorated with AuNPs using ethylenediamine as a cross-linker were drop-casted on SPE and applied for electrochemical determination of amoxicillin combining the good electron transfer property and catalytic property of the two nanomaterials [ 276 ].…”

An Overview of Recent Electroanalytical Applications Utilizing Screen‐Printed Electrodes Within Flow Systems

“…During the years 2018-19, nine new methods using FIA-SPE systems were developed for the determination of analytes such as isoniazid, [60] arsenic, [61] salmonella bacteria, [62] o-diphenol and its derivatives, [63] ethoxyquin, [64] glucose, [65] naproxen, [66] three tumor biomarkers, [67] acetaminophen, [68] and tryptophan and pyridoxine simultaneously. [69] Oliveira et al [62] reported a simple, low-cost, and fully disposable microfluidic FIA device for ultrasensitive Salmonella bacteria detection.…”