Novel carbon nanohybrids as highly efficient magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

Cui, Rongli; Li, Juan; Huang, Huan; Zhang, Mingyi; Guo, Xihong; Chang, Yanan; Li, Min; Dong, Jinquan; Sun, Baoyun; Xing, Gengmei

doi:10.1007/s12274-014-0613-x

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Paramagnetic centers, especially Gd 3+ , can be loaded onto or into carbon particles of different structures, including gadographenes or gadographene oxides 165 - 167 , endohedral gadofullerenes 168 - 175 , gadonanotubes 176 - 182 , and gadodots 183 - 187 , etc. For most of the metallo-carbonaceous contrast agents, good water access to metal ion centers, smooth water exchange, and prevention of metal ion leakage, are crucial for efficient relaxation.…”

Section: Nanoparticle or Macromolecule Contrast Agents With Enhanced mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface impact on nanoparticle-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

Chen³

et al. 2018

Theranostics

167

191

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most widely used diagnostic tools in the clinic. To improve imaging quality, MRI contrast agents, which can modulate local T1 and T2 relaxation times, are often injected prior to or during MRI scans. However, clinically used contrast agents, including Gd3+-based chelates and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), afford mediocre contrast abilities. To address this issue, there has been extensive research on developing alternative MRI contrast agents with superior r1 and r2 relaxivities. These efforts are facilitated by the fast progress in nanotechnology, which allows for preparation of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) with varied size, shape, crystallinity, and composition. Studies suggest that surface coatings can also largely affect T1 and T2 relaxations and can be tailored in favor of a high r1 or r2. However, the surface impact of NPs has been less emphasized. Herein, we review recent progress on developing NP-based T1 and T2 contrast agents, with a focus on the surface impact.

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Section: Nanoparticle or Macromolecule Contrast Agents With Enhanced mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface impact on nanoparticle-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

Chen³

et al. 2018

Theranostics

167

191

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…83 π-π interactions between the GO and Gd-EMF are thought to facilitate electron transfer between the two and so help increase the observed relaxivity. While this nanohybrid is an exemplary system for achieving high relaxivities, it suffers from a lack of precise definition of what comprises the sample (e.g.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-soluble fullerenes for medical applications

Rašović

2017

Materials Science and Technology

119

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Research on fullerenes occupies a unique position in the scientific arena. Synthesis and characterisation of this nanomaterial blur the line between materials science and chemistry; careful tuning of the processing methods gives birth to a whole family of molecules and their functionalised derivatives, whose unusual properties at this nanoscopic scale can be exploited in cutting-edge technological applications. This review focuses on the functionalisation of fullerenes for use in medical applications. The first half gives an introduction to the fullerenes themselves and how their fundamental properties lead to a very rich chemistry, enabling both exohedral (external) and endohedral (internal) functionalisations of the cage. Emphasis is placed on the need for safe and reproducible synthesis routes if fullerenes are ever going to make it to the pharmaceutical market. In line with this, a selection of exohedral functionalisation protocols receives particular attention. Coverage of endohedral fullerene synthesis routes is limited to the endohedral metallofullerenes. In the second half, myriad applications of fullerenes in biomedical contexts are introduced and certain synthesis routes are critically evaluated. Discussion of the need to water solubilise the hydrophobic fullerene cages precedes an overview of fullerene-based diagnostic and therapeutic technologies. A final moment is spent on toxicity studies of fullerenes. The concluding remarks emphasise the positive effects of incorporating fullerenes into biomedical technologies, while looking at how these are perceived by the general public. A case is made for fullerenes being the optimal choice as standard bearers in the advance of nanomaterials into the medical field. This is the winning review of the 2016 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining, run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged.

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“…The high r 1 of Gd@GCNs might be explained by a “secondary electron spin transfer” process . Gd ions were bound to the surface functional moiety on the carbon layers to form a stable complex and then encased within carbon architectures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This outcome caused a shift in electron spins from the caged Gd to the whole carbon nanostructure. As a result, the water relaxation capacity was extended to the carbon shell that was directly exposed to the aqueous surroundings . Moreover, the amine groups on the surface of the carbon shell might improve water retention for sufficient relaxation …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gadolinium‐Encapsulated Graphene Carbon Nanotheranostics for Imaging‐Guided Photodynamic Therapy

et al. 2018

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Photosensitizers (PS) are an essential component of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Conventional PSs are often porphyrin derivatives, which are associated with high hydrophobicity, low quantum yield in aqueous solutions, and suboptimal tumor-to-normal-tissue (T/N) selectivity. There have been extensive efforts to load PSs into nanoparticle carriers to improve pharmacokinetics. The approach, however, is often limited by PS self-quenching, pre-mature release, and nanoparticle accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system organs. Herein, a novel, nanoparticle-based PS made of gadolinium-encapsulated graphene carbon nanoparticles (Gd@GCNs), which feature a high O quantum yield, is reported. Meanwhile, Gd@GCNs afford strong fluorescence and high T relaxivity (16.0 × 10 m s , 7 T), making them an intrinsically dual-modal imaging probe. Having a size of approximately 5 nm, Gd@GCNs can accumulate in tumors through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The unbound Gd@GCNs cause little toxicity because Gd is safely encapsulated within an inert carbon shell and because the particles are efficiently excreted from the host through renal clearance. Studies with rodent tumor models demonstrate the potential of the Gd@GCNs to mediate image-guided PDT for cancer treatment. Overall, the present study shows that Gd@GCNs possess unique physical, pharmaceutical, and toxicological properties and are an all-in-one nanotheranostic tool with substantial clinical translation potential.

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Novel carbon nanohybrids as highly efficient magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Surface impact on nanoparticle-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

Surface impact on nanoparticle-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

Water-soluble fullerenes for medical applications

Gadolinium‐Encapsulated Graphene Carbon Nanotheranostics for Imaging‐Guided Photodynamic Therapy

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