Novel Characteristics of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Belonging to Multilocus Sequence Type 59 in Taiwan

Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing and mecA sequencing in methicillin-resistant staphylococci from Algeria: a highly diversified element with new mutations in mecA

“…15 in our last study (Djoudi et al, 2014) and comparison with a sequence deposited in the GenBank database (http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AB462393.1) (Takano et al, 2008) exhibiting 100 % nucleotide identity. Statistical analysis confirmed the association of type VII to MR S. haemolyticus and type IV to MRSA (P=0.027).…”

Evolution and virulence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive ST30 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the past 30 years in Japan

“…PVL-positive ST30 CA-MRSA strains and its variants, isolated and fully characterized in Japan since 2000, are listed in Table 2. PVLpositive ST30 CA-MRSA strains also included strain HT20010466 isolated in Australia (with genotype spa19/SCCmecIVa) (37), strain PM7 isolated in Taiwan (with genotype spa19/SCCmecIVc) (32), strain RS08 isolated in Russia (with genotype spa19/ SCCmecIVc) (1), strain USA1100 isolated in the United States (with genotype spa19/SCCmecIVa) (37), strain HT20030336 isolated in the Netherlands (with genotype spa654/SCCmecIVc) (37), and strain only or to some agents in limited classes; and many HA-MRSA strains exhibit higher minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for oxacillin and imipenem, while many CA-MRSA strains exhibit low MIC values to oxacillin and imipenem (33). CA-MRSA often produces Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) (12,25,38,40).…”

“…Strains 80s-1, 80s-2, 90s-1, and 90s-2 were PVL-positive ST30 HA-MRSA, isolated in the 1980s and 1990s in Japan (35). PVL-positive CA-MRSA also included ST22 strain NN48 (39) and ST59 strain PM1 (32). PVL-negative CA-MRSA included ST8 strain NN50 (18), ST88 strain NN51 (39), ST89 strain NN7 (39), and ST91 strain NN15 (39); ST88, ST89, and ST91 strains were from bullous impetigo and were exfoliative toxin (ET)-positive.…”

“…Genotyping of MRSA strains, including multilocus sequence typing, spa typing, accessory gene regulator (agr) typing, and coagulase (Coa) typing, was performed as described previously (32). SCCmec typing was essentially performed as described previously (14,21,41).…”

“…SCCmec typing was essentially performed as described previously (14,21,41). PCR analysis of 46 staphylococcal virulence genes, including the PVL gene, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE; superantigen) genes, and ET genes, was performed using reported primers (32); icaA primers were those described (39). Stable 100bp DNA ladder (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) was used as the molecular size standard.…”