“…After NGF binds to TrkA, NGF signaling containing NGF, TrkA, and activated signaling proteins is transmitted retrogradely through axonal transport of TrkA from the peripheral terminals of nociceptive neurons to the cell bodies of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) (4). In several persistent pain states, NGF sensitizes transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPV1) in nerve terminals, and retrograde transport of TrkA to DRG neurons activates mitogen-activated protein kinases and enhances expres-sion of several proteins (e.g., substance P, tetrodotoxinresistant voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.8, TRPV1 channel, brain-derived neurotrophic factor) in DRG neurons with modulation of spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (1,2,5).…”