Novel CO{sub 2}-thickeners for improved mobility control

Enick, Dr Robert M.; Beckman, Dr Eric J.; Hamilton, Dr Andrew

doi:10.2172/750876

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…In one study by Heller et al, the best polymers found increased viscosity by a multiple of 1.3, while what was needed was 20x or 30x (Heller et al, 1985). Enick et al developed the first successful polymers to increase the viscosity of liquid CO 2 using fluoroacrylate-styrene copolymers (Enick et al, 2001). To date, these may be the only effective polymer thickeners (Lee et al, 2016), are storage proppant mix injec on bo om completed bo om very expensive, and only increased viscosity by about a factor of 5.…”

Section: Polymer Thickenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Report on Developing a US-China Joint Project on CO2-Based Fracturing Techniques

Wan

2017

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Section: Polymer Thickenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Report on Developing a US-China Joint Project on CO2-Based Fracturing Techniques

Wan

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thickening Carbon Dioxide With the Fluoroacrylate-Styrene Copolymer

Wlaschin

Enick

2003

SPE Journal

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The fluoroacrylate-styrene copolymer is the first associative thickener that has been identified for carbon dioxide. Fluoroacrylate is highly carbon dioxide-philic, enhancing the solubility of the copolymer in carbon dioxide. Styrene is relatively carbon dioxidephobic, but promotes viscosity-enhancing, intermolecular associations. The copolymer used in this study had a composition of 29 mol% styrene-71 mol% fluoroacrylate, a number-average molecular weight of 540,000, and a polydispersity index of 1.63. The copolymer was sufficiently soluble in CO 2 at typical reservoir flooding conditions to induce a significant increase in viscosity. Falling cylinder viscometry measurements at 298 K demonstrated that the viscosity enhancement of CO 2 increased with increasing copolymer concentration, decreasing shear rate, and decreasing temperature. Mobility measurements of the fluoroacrylate-styrene copolymer-CO 2 solutions flowing through 80 to 200 md Berea sandstone cores at superficial velocities of 0.00035 to 0.028 cm/s (1-80 ft/D) at 298 K also indicated that the copolymer was an effective thickener. At a superficial velocity of 0.00035 m/s (1ft/ D), the addition of 1.5 wt% copolymer increased the CO 2 viscosity by a factor of 19 relative to neat CO 2 . Smaller increases in viscosity occurred at lower copolymer concentrations and higher velocities. These results demonstrate that it is possible to design a compound that can enhance the viscosity of dense carbon dioxide. Fluoropolymers are characterized by environmental persistence, high cost, and unavailability in bulk quantities, however. Therefore nonfluorous, inexpensive thickeners are currently being designed.

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Novel CO{sub 2}-thickeners for improved mobility control

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Report on Developing a US-China Joint Project on CO2-Based Fracturing Techniques

Report on Developing a US-China Joint Project on CO2-Based Fracturing Techniques

Thickening Carbon Dioxide With the Fluoroacrylate-Styrene Copolymer

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