Cancer cells and embryonic tissues share a number of cellular and
molecular properties, suggesting that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may
be harnessed to elicit anti-tumor responses in cancer vaccines. RNA-sequencing
revealed that human and murine iPSCs express tumor-associated antigens, and we
show here a proof-of principle for using irradiated iPSCs in autologous
anti-tumor vaccines. In a prophylactic setting, iPSC vaccines prevent tumor
growth in syngeneic murine breast cancer, mesothelioma, and melanoma models. As
an adjuvant, the iPSC vaccine inhibited melanoma recurrence at the resection
site and reduced metastatic tumor load, which was associated with fewer Th17
cells and increased CD11b+GR1hi myeloid cells.
Adoptive transfer of T cells isolated from vaccine treated-tumor-bearing mice
inhibited tumor growth in unvaccinated recipients, indicating that the iPSC
vaccine promotes an antigen-specific anti-tumor T cell response. Our data
suggest a generalizable strategy for multiple types of cancer that could prove
highly valuable in clinical immunotherapy.