Novel Colloidal Nanocarrier of Cetylpyridinium Chloride: Antifungal Activities on Candida Species and Cytotoxic Potential on Murine Fibroblasts

Abstract

Nanocarriers have been used as alternative tools to overcome the resistance of Candida species to conventional treatments. This study prepared a nanocarrier of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) conjugated with chitosan (CS), and assessed its antifungal and cytotoxic effects. CPC was immobilized on CS-coated IONPs, and the nanocarrier was physico-chemically characterized. Antifungal effects were determined on planktonic cells of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata (by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays) and on single- and dual-species biofilms of these strains (by quantification of cultivable cells, total biomass and metabolic activity). Murine fibroblasts were exposed to different concentrations of the nanocarrier, and the cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT reduction assay. Characterization methods confirmed the presence of a nanocarrier smaller than 313 nm. IONPs-CS-CPC and free CPC showed the same MIC values (0.78 µg mL−1). CPC-containing nanocarrier at 78 µg mL−1 significantly reduced the number of cultivable cells for all biofilms, surpassing the effect promoted by free CPC. For total biomass, metabolic activity, and cytotoxic effects, the nanocarrier and free CPC produced statistically similar outcomes. In conclusion, the IONPs-CS-CPC nanocarrier was more effective than CPC in reducing the cultivable cells of Candida biofilms without increasing the cytotoxic effects of CPC, and may be a useful tool for the treatment of oral fungal infections.

Nanocarriers of Miconazole or Fluconazole: Effects on Three-Species Candida Biofilms and Cytotoxic Effects In Vitro

“…Although a previous study found that IONPs and CS alone led to marked reductions in the viability of L929 cells for concentrations from 87.5 and 175 µg/mL, respectively [25], these compounds did not potentiate the cytotoxic effects of the IONPs-CS-FLZ and IONPs-CS-MCZ nanocarriers. In fact, the results of the present study indicate that the nanocarriers' cytotoxicity is primarily dependent on the presence of the antifungals (FLZ and MCZ), corroborating a previous study in which the cytotoxicity of a cetylpyridinium chloride nanocarrier was also dependent on the presence of the drug, with no influence of the carrier compound (IONPs-CS) [26].…”

Biocompatibility and biocidal effects of modified polylactide composites

“…From the calibration curve, determined on the basis of cytotoxicity evaluation in the interval from 0.25 to 3 µg.mL −1 of pure HDP (R 2 = 0.9911), it can be estimated that approximately 2.5 µg.mL −1 HDP was extracted from the composite into the leachate. The cytotoxic potential of HDP has also been reported by other authors (Mûller et al, 2017;Araujo et al, 2020;Kanno et al, 2020).…”

Inhibition of Candida albicans and Mixed Salivary Bacterial Biofilms on Antimicrobial Loaded Phosphated Poly(methyl methacrylate)

“…There have been efforts ranging from the use of over-the-counter cleansing agents and surfactants [ 32 , 33 ], to employing electrostatic interactions to reduce adhesion [ 5 , 12 , 17 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], along with combinations of charge alteration and antimicrobial loading [ 16 , 34 ]. More recently nanotechnology is being employed with titanium dioxide [ 29 ] or silver [ 35 ] incorporated within PMMA polymers as well as the development of CPC in a colloidal nanocarrier of Chitosan and Iron Oxide [ 36 ].…”