Novel colored flames via chromaticity of essential colors

Sadek, Ramy; Kassem, M. E.; Abdo, Mohamed; Fahd, Ahmed; Tantawy, Hesham; Elsaidy, Amir; Elbasuney, Sherif

doi:10.1016/j.dt.2018.05.002

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For example, if the cartridge contained both a red-and green-light illuminant, they could manipulate the firing mechanism to select red, green, or be fired simultaneously to produce a yellow illuminant. It has been shown in multiple studies that by mixing color compositions in various proportions, a wide array of colors can be produced [1][2][3][4]. It was shown by Kosanke et al [1] in 2004 that a straight line can be drawn from a green-light emitter to a redlight emitter in the CIE color space and by varying the proportions of both, any color can be achieved on that line.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, if the cartridge contained both a red‐and green‐light illuminant, they could manipulate the firing mechanism to select red, green, or be fired simultaneously to produce a yellow illuminant. It has been shown in multiple studies that by mixing color compositions in various proportions, a wide array of colors can be produced [1–4]. It was shown by Kosanke et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…can be created. In 2019, it was shown by Sadek et al [2] that by combining blue, red, and yellow in various mixing ratios, violet, sweet pink, and marigold colors could be efficiently produced. Now, while all of these studies focused on various mixing ratios of powder compositions, the idea that these mixtures could be produced via additive manufacturing (AM) in order to achieve the multi-spectral flare design is intriguing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Multi‐spectral flare designs using both red‐ and green‐light emitters: Progress towards wavelength selectable signals

Kotter

Bouma

Groven

2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Pyrotechnic flares are used extensively, with each color relating to specific information such as landing zone, enemy location, medical evacuation, or submarine location. While all current military flares are restricted to a single illumination color, progress towards a wavelength selectable signal and/or multispectral signal is of interest. In this effort, we use additive manufacturing, via direct ink write approach, to print three unique configurations with green/red light emitter compositions (GLE/RLE). Varying the infill design provides the opportunity to fire either of the base colors individually (redand/or green-light illuminant) or to fire them simultaneously to achieve a multispectral result. In this work, architecture is shown to play a critical role, and when the GLE composition is approx. 70 wt% of the overall, then a reasonable multi-spectral result is achieved. While early, this work demonstrates that there is significant promise to optimize wavelength selectable signals via architecture achievable with additive manufacturing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multi‐spectral flare designs using both red‐ and green‐light emitters: Progress towards wavelength selectable signals

Kotter

Bouma

Groven

2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…The segmentation stage of searching candidate fire object is very important to separate the fire candidate object from the background, which should not enter the feature extraction stage. The color of fire is a combination of various colors, ranging from reddish to yellow [8]. Previous studies conducted experiments using fire color segmentation, including RGB, HSV, and YCbCr color features, have not produced optimal accuracy [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Time Fire Detection using Color Probability Segmentation and DenseNet Model for Classifier

Adhinata¹,

Ramadhan²

2022

IJACSA

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The forest is an outdoor environment not touched by the surrounding community, so it is not immediately handled when a fire occurs. Therefore, surveillance using cameras is needed to see the presence of fire hotspots in the forest. This study aims to detect hotspots through video data. As is known, fire has a variety of colors, ranging from yellow to reddish. The segmentation process requires a method that can recognize various fire colors to get a candidate fire object area in the video frame. The methods used for the color segmentation process are Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Expectation-maximization (EM). The segmentation results are candidates for fire areas, which in the experiment used the value of K=4. This fire object candidate needs to be ascertained whether the segmented object is a fire object or another object. In the feature extraction stage, this research uses the DenseNet-169 or DenseNet-201 models. In this study, various color tests were carried out, namely RGB, HSV, and YCbCr. The test results show that RGB color produces the most optimal training accuracy. This RGB color configuration is used to test using video data. The test results show that the true positive and false negative values are quite good, 98.69% and 1.305%. This video data processing produces fps with an average of 14.43. So, it can be said that this combination of methods can be used to process real time data in case studies of fire detection.

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“…In addition, the secondary color can be generated either by mixing the compound with the respective primary color or by using certain compound which can emit the secondary color. For instance, the green color can be obtained by mixing CuCl, as a blue color source, and sodium based compound, as the yellow color source [24], or by using specific single-component compounds such as Ba(NO3)2 [25], BaOH, BaCl and CuOH [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel CaCO3-Based Material Formulation for Orange-Colored Spectrum Tracer Projectile

Asri¹,

Basyir²,

Aryanto³

et al. 2022

Trends Sci

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This study underlines the development of orange-colored spectrum tracer material based on Fe/CaCO3/PVC compound. The optimum composition of the compound was determined by comparing three different ratios of Fe-CaCO3-PVC. The sample with the highest CaCO3 content decomposed earlier than that of the other samples. This sample also produced the lowest calorific energy around 275.61 cal/g and emitted a medium-dark orange spectrum. The color brightness was affected by the number of color source materials as well as CaCl2 and Ca(OH)2 which were formed during the combustion process. Meanwhile, the sample with the lowest CaCO3 content produced light orange color with a sharp spectrum emission. The concentration of fuel material (Fe) as well as the higher calorific energy (466.39 cal/g) of this composition contributes to the enhanced spectrum intensity. All samples emitted the orange color, with the wavelength ranging from 585 to 593 nm. Beside of calcite as the main phase, the x-ray diffraction analysis at 650 ℃ shows Fe2O3 as a secondary phase. The FTIR analysis of the as-heated sample presents the Fe-O bending band with a broader peak, which can be attributed to the existence of Fe2O3 species. The presence of this structure made all these samples have high ignition temperature. HIGHLIGHTS The tracer formulation contain iron, CaCO3 and polyvinyl chloride Iron fuel influences the thermal stability of tracer material The tracer composition emits orange-color start from 587 to 594 nm wavelength The highest spectrum intensity found at composition with containing greatest iron fuel GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Novel colored flames via chromaticity of essential colors

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Multi‐spectral flare designs using both red‐ and green‐light emitters: Progress towards wavelength selectable signals

Multi‐spectral flare designs using both red‐ and green‐light emitters: Progress towards wavelength selectable signals

Real Time Fire Detection using Color Probability Segmentation and DenseNet Model for Classifier

Novel CaCO3-Based Material Formulation for Orange-Colored Spectrum Tracer Projectile

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