Novel composite cation exchange films based on sulfonated PVDF for electromembrane separations

Farrokhzad, Hasan; Kikhavani, Tavan; Monnaie, Frederic; Ashrafizadeh, Seyed Nezameddin; Koeckelberghs, Guy; Gerven, Tom Van; Bruggen, Bart Van der

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2014.10.002

Cited by 65 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…PVDF polymers have been previously used to reduce methanol crossover to a certain limit; however, despite this convenience, PVDF polymers have hydrophobic properties that diminish the ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity of membrane [140][141][142]. This problem can be overcome by modifying PVDF polymers through sulphonation and blending SPVDF with CS, producing a blended membrane with good mechanical strength, water uptake, and retention capacity [143,144]. With increasing content of SPVDF in the blend membrane, water uptake and ion exchange capacity values increased by ≈50% and 0.22 mmol g −1 , respectively.…”

Section: Cs/polymer Blend Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Rosli

Loh

Wong

et al. 2020

IJMS

106

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Perfluorosulphonic acid-based membranes such as Nafion are widely used in fuel cell applications. However, these membranes have several drawbacks, including high expense, non-eco-friendliness, and low proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions. Biopolymer-based membranes, such as chitosan (CS), cellulose, and carrageenan, are popular. They have been introduced and are being studied as alternative materials for enhancing fuel cell performance, because they are environmentally friendly and economical. Modifications that will enhance the proton conductivity of biopolymer-based membranes have been performed. Ionic liquids, which are good electrolytes, are studied for their potential to improve the ionic conductivity and thermal stability of fuel cell applications. This review summarizes the development and evolution of CS biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids in fuel cell applications over the past decade. It also focuses on the improved performances of fuel cell applications using biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids as promising clean energy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 2 of 52 used to exchange protons from the anode to the cathode [1]. PEMFCs are light, highly efficient, and compact. They operate at relatively low temperatures (≈80 • C), have high power density, and are suitable for various applications. Figure 1 shows that PEMFC consists of various important elements, namely, bipolar plates, diffusion layers, electrodes (anode and cathode), and an electrolyte. The core of a PEMFC is a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) composed of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) placed between two electrodes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 53 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 3 of 52Polysaccharides, such as chitosan (CS) and cellulose, are among the best natural polymer materials because of their abundance in the environment. CS is a linear polysaccharide consisting of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked d-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (acetylated unit), which is produced by the deacetylation of chitin. CS has high water affinity properties as there is the presence of three different polar functional groups, which are hydroxyl (-OH), primary amine (-NH 2 ), and C-O-C groups. CS has a structure that is very similar to cellulose, but the difference among them is that CS contains amine groups and its structure is characterized by its molecular weight and degree of deacetylation, where its solubility is depended on [7].CS has rigid structure and high crystallinity as there are three hydrogen atoms strongly bonded between the amino and hydroxyl groups within the CS monomers, due to the immobilized structure, which leads to its proton conduction limitation. Moreover, CS has attractive physicochemical properties in aqueous solution due to its polycationic nature and this leads to wide range of biological purposes such as antimicrobial activity and disease resistance activities in plants [8]. CS membranes are one of the most preferable and favorable materials to re...

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Section: Cs/polymer Blend Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Rosli

Loh

Wong

et al. 2020

IJMS

106

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“…The weight of the same membrane pieces was recorded once dried to the constant weight at 30 C for 24 h. The water uptake was calculated by difference in the weight of the wet (W wet ) and dry (W dry ) membrane specimens as given by the following equation. 3,[26][27][28] Water uptakeðWUÞ ¼…”

Section: Water Uptake Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous ion exchange membranes based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU): effect of PSS/DVB resin on morphology and electrodialysis

et al. 2020

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“…Sulfonation of PVDF has been explained elsewhere [11]. 50 mL of chlorosulfonic acid were mixed with 10 g of PVDF during 45 minutes of stirring at 80 ºC.…”

Section: Synthesis Of S-pvdfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a monovalent selective cation exchange membrane to concentrate reverse osmosis brines by electrodialysis

et al. 2015

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In this work, novel monovalent selective cation exchange membranes (CEMs) with different mixtures of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and sulfonated PVDF (S-PVDF) were synthesized. The selected composite membranes were modified by surface polymerization of polyaniline (PANi) to improve their monovalent cation selectivity. PANi was doped with p-toluene sulfonic acid (pTSA) or L-valine (2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid) and the selectivity of each CEM was determined. Membrane properties, such as chemical composition, water uptake, ion exchange capacity, permselectivity, contact angle and crystallinity were measured. The influence of the applied voltage was also studied. The newly developed membranes were used for electrodialytic concentration of NaCl from synthetic reverse osmosis (RO) brine. Doped membranes with pTSA ( =0.13, =3.59) and valine ( =0.09, =0.8) have a higher selectivity for sodium than the composite ones ( =0.63, =6.82). Moreover, the increase of applied voltage results in an increase of the selectivity for monovalent ions.

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Novel composite cation exchange films based on sulfonated PVDF for electromembrane separations

Cited by 65 publications

References 24 publications

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Heterogeneous ion exchange membranes based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU): effect of PSS/DVB resin on morphology and electrodialysis

Synthesis of a monovalent selective cation exchange membrane to concentrate reverse osmosis brines by electrodialysis

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