Thermodynamics is the science of the interactions between
energy
and matter. It was formalized in the late 19th century and remains
an essential piece in solving many technological challenges that society
faces today. Yet, it is often considered complex and challenging,
perhaps because it is often taught within a rigid mathematical framework,
without highlighting the extensive range of applications and the tools
that it offers for understanding and elaborating a sustainable future.
The authors of this paper have performed an industrial survey (Kontogeorgis
et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2021, 60, 13, 4987-5013), which pointed out that thermodynamics is indeed
a cornerstone of many processes in a large range of industries, but
that as of today, many questions and needs remain unanswered. Some
missing answers are caused by a lack of knowledge of the existing
tools (educational issue), some by the unavailability of models, parameters
or by the lack of transferability of the concepts from one system
to another. In other cases, simply, no generally accepted approach
exists, and fundamental research is required for understanding the
phenomena. In all cases, data are needed, either to understand, develop,
or validate the models. Specific recent examples of applied thermodynamics
research relevant to industrial practice are discussed. This manuscript
aims not only at promoting research but also at encouraging highly
trained professionals to engage in education, laboratory work, fundamental
developments, and/or model validation. Such professionals should find
positions both in academia and in industry, as well as with software
vendors. Collaboration between academia, industry, and software vendors
is essential in order to foster new developments and serve the goals
of sustainable development and circular economy.