Novel concept for water scarcity quantification considering nonconventional and virtual water resources in arid countries: Application in Gulf Cooperation Council countries

Al-Rashed, M.; Sefelnasr, Ahmed; Sherif, Mohsen; Murad, Ahmed; Alshamsi, Dalal; Aliewi, Amjad; Ebraheem, Abdel Azim

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163473

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Water is a necessary natural resource for our lives on this planet. A growing world population and rising levels of human wealth are expected to consume more freshwater. , In addition, the pollution of groundwater and surface water by dissolved salts is increasing, exacerbating the phenomenon of water scarcity. , The United Nations Environment Programme estimates that one-third of the world’s population lives in countries where freshwater supplies are insufficient to meet their needs, with adverse environmental, economic, and social impacts. − To address the conflict between the growing demand for freshwater resources and the decreasing availability of such resources, many regions may experience conflicts, including violent ones, due to the imbalance of water resources, leading to instability in affected areas. − This is a scenario that the public does not want to see, so efficiently obtaining as much fresh water as possible has become an urgent problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superhydrophobic Bulgy Windmill for Synchronous Efficient Fog Collection and Power Generation

Li,

Wang,

Xin

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The shortage of freshwater resources is a serious problem faced by mankind in the 21st century. To maximize the acquisition of freshwater resources, numerous fog collectors have been constructed. In the process of fog collection accompanied by the movement of the wind, the mechanical energy brought about by the wind is often ignored. Based on this, inspired by beetles and origami art, we designed a windmill installation with a bump on the edge. Droplets nucleate at the windmill bulge and accelerate the transport process under the action of centrifugal force. This leads to quick fog collection and reduces the secondary evaporation rate of freshwater resources. The fog collection efficiency can reach 2.8 times that of the original sample. Moreover, the windmill can convert mechanical energy into electricity while collecting fog, and the operating voltage of a single windmill can reach 0.85 V. After the array, the amount of fog collected by the windmill and the power generation voltage can be increased by multiple times, which realizes the efficient use of energy and provides a new idea for the design of an efficient fog collector in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superhydrophobic Bulgy Windmill for Synchronous Efficient Fog Collection and Power Generation

Li,

Wang,

Xin

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Food self-su ciency can lead to a high level of water using sector. The alternative solutions to use "virtual water" and treated wastewater on a large scale for irrigation are not well recognized in Kuwait as discussed by Al- Rashed et al (2023) and Aliewi et al (2017). Instead, Kuwait private farms are still consuming a large volume of brackish groundwater resources for irrigation through agricultural wells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aleisa & Zubari (2017) and Aliewi et al (2017) discussed that the future of water supplies in Kuwait that should include treated wastewater reuse. Allan (1996Allan ( , 1998 and Al-Rashed et al (2023) explained that implementing the concept of "virtual water" as a national policy is a major solution for Kuwait to avoid water shortages resulting from high water use by all sectors. They illustrated that virtual water can meet the water and food needs of the citizens and residents of Kuwait without putting additional stresses on desalination plants in the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the dynamic balance between water supplies and demands in arid environments with policy options using WEAP

Hadi,

Aliewi,

Sadeqi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The water situation in arid environments (with Kuwait as a case study) is fragile due to climate change; population growth; economic development; urbanization; irrational behaviors in consumption patterns; and water pollution which in their entirety threaten water security for such environments. The integrated water resources planning software (WEAP) was used to assess the actual water supply sustainability for Kuwait for 2000 to 2023 period. Then WEAP was used with realistic annual growth rates to project water demands over 2024 to 2035 in order to assess a suitable socio-economic future for Kuwait’s water supply sustainability. On average, the actual total water supply was found to 1,375 Mm3/yr disaggregated for domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors as 603 (44%), 75 (5%) and 697 (51%) Mm3/yr respectively. It was also found that each capita consumes for domestic and industrial purposes 214 m3/yr. It was found that annual growth rates of 2%, 2% and 3% are suitable to be used to project water requirements (demands) between 2024 and 2035 for domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors respectively. This will result in water shortage of 332 Mm3/yr during the period 2024 to 2035. Kuwait is called to implement strategic solutions of full reuse of treated wastewater and the virtual water concept for agricultural development purposes. This study demonstrates that when Kuwait implements these solutions, it can reduce CO2 emissions by 1.66 million tons saving $810 million annually. With the proper measures and policies, Kuwait can reduce their bulk water demand by 332 million cubic meters saving $1.627 billion dollars per year.

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“…However, the escalating impacts of global climate change have led to a significant increase in the frequency, extent, and intensity of regional droughts [4,5]. As a result, the problem of water scarcity has become more serious and drought-induced water shortages have hindered economic development and the improvement of living standards [6,7]. Both the water-scarce population and its proportion within the total population have exhibited a rising trend [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Control of Flood Limited Water Levels for Parallel Reservoirs by Considering Forecast Period Uncertainty

Li,

Feng

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The objective of this study is to achieve the dynamic optimization of the flood limited water level (FLWL) in parallel reservoirs, using Luhun Reservoir and Guxian Reservoir as case studies. The innovation lies in establishing a dynamic control optimization model for the FLWL of parallel reservoirs, considering the uncertainty in the forecasting period of the flood forecast due to the varying locations of the rainstorm center from upstream to downstream. To commence, the Fisher optimal segmentation method is employed for flood season staging to determine the staged FLWL of each reservoir. Subsequently, considering the uncertainty in the foresight period, the upper range of the dynamic FLWL is determined through the improved pre-discharge capacity constraint method and Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, a multi-objective optimization model is established to determine the optimal dynamic FLWL control operation scheme for parallel reservoirs, utilizing the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). This model takes into account both downstream flood control requirements and the water supply benefits of the parallel reservoirs. Through the optimization of the scheme, the water supply of the parallel reservoirs can be augmented by 15,347.6 m3 during the flood season. This optimization effectively achieves a harmonious balance between flood control and water supply, holding significant implications for mitigating drought risks amid changing conditions.

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Novel concept for water scarcity quantification considering nonconventional and virtual water resources in arid countries: Application in Gulf Cooperation Council countries

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Superhydrophobic Bulgy Windmill for Synchronous Efficient Fog Collection and Power Generation

Superhydrophobic Bulgy Windmill for Synchronous Efficient Fog Collection and Power Generation

Assessment of the dynamic balance between water supplies and demands in arid environments with policy options using WEAP

Dynamic Control of Flood Limited Water Levels for Parallel Reservoirs by Considering Forecast Period Uncertainty

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