Novel Concepts in Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproductive Tract Functions

Rao, Ch.V.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1804-3_5

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…However, the degree of receptor positivity appears to vary among macrophages. As expected, receptor positivity is widespread in both the tissues, reflecting its presence in multiple cell types which is in agreement with earlier studies 39,40 . The use of sense riboprobe and non‐specific IgG resulted in a complete absence of staining indicating that the procedure was specific (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Macrophages in Human Reproductive Tissues Contain Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptors

Zhang

Rao

Lei

2003

American J Rep Immunol

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Macrophages in Human Reproductive Tissues Contain Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptors

Zhang

Rao

Lei

2003

American J Rep Immunol

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“…In mouse uterus, a binding study and in situ hybridization technique revealed that LHR is localized in endometrial stromal cells (Zheng et al 2001). Several groups also proposed different paracrine functions of LH/HCG in endometrium-like prostaglandin and cytokine biosynthesis (Zhoi et al 1997, Rao 1998, Zhou et al 1999, Srisuparp et al 2003, and modulation of decidualization and implantation of the embryo into the uterus (Han et al 1999, Banaszak et al 2000, Licht et al 2002, Das et al 2009). The present study using RT-PCR and real-time PCR demonstrates a clear and distinct expression of Lhr mRNA in mouse endometrium at each stage of the estrous cycle with a maximum at metestrus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lei et al (1992) suggested that LHR may be involved in vascular dilation resulting in blood flow change in human uterus during the reproductive cycle and pregnancy. Rao (1998) demonstrated that LH is able to induce cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression both in glandular epithelium and in stromal cells in human endometrium resulting in increased prostaglandin production (Zhoi et al 1997). The reported rise of uterine LHR/HCG receptor at metestrus in rats after ovulation (Bonnamy et al 1990) may be due to modulation of P 4 content (Bonnamy et al 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of LH receptor in nonpregnant mouse endometrium: LH induction of 3β-HSD and de novo synthesis of progesterone

Kundu

Pramanick

Paul

et al. 2012

Journal of Endocrinology

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In mouse uterus, at the late diestrus stage LH binding sites have previously been described. The aim of our study was to confirm the existence of LH receptor (Lhr (Lhcgr)) mRNA and its protein in mouse endometrium. Endometrium at all stages of the estrous cycle contained Lhr mRNA, essentially identical to that found in mouse ovary. Endometrium also contained a 72 kDa immunoreactive receptor protein that bound to mouse anti-LHR antibody in western blot. Both receptor mRNA and protein were maximally expressed in the endometrium at metestrus and LH caused a significant increase in their expression levels. Endometrium also contained 3b-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3b-hsd) mRNA and 3b-HSD protein. LH addition elevated their expression and activity as evident from increased conversion of labeled pregnenolone to progesterone (P 4 ) and de novo P 4 synthesis. LH-induced endometrial P 4 synthesis is mediated through expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (Star) gene. Results demonstrated that LH-induced P 4 synthesis in endometrium is possibly mediated through the cAMP pathway. Involvement of a MAPK pathway was also evident. Gonadotropin-stimulated endometrial P 4 synthesis was markedly attenuated by an antagonist of MEK1/2, PD98059. LH-stimulated MEK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in a concentration-and time-dependant manner in cultured endometrial tissues. Moreover, involvement of cAMP in LH-stimulated activation of ERK1/2 was also evident. It is therefore possible that the major signaling pathways regulating endometrial steroidogenesis in mouse, including the adenylate cyclase and MAP kinase pathways, converge at a point distal to activation of protein kinase A and ERK1/2.

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“…10,11 Instead of showing all the tissues that hCG can regulate, which can be found in the references listed in Table 1, only the relevant tissues to the therapeutic indications are shown.…”

Section: 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in the Family of Therapeutic Glycoproteins

Rao¹

2017

Women Health Open J

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The family of therapeutic glycoproteins contains many members. Some of them have become valuable therapeutic agents in saving the countless number of human lives from some of the most dreadful diseases. They are increasingly taking a center stage among biotherapeutics. The technologies of glycoengineering are making a further impact by modifying the glycan moieties, which make them biologically more active and increase their effectiveness and pharmacokinetics, etc. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) has been used in reproductive medicine for the last several decades. The paradigm shift on the hCG actions has created additional therapeutic opportunities against many menacing and dangerous diseases that are no less important than the ones treated by some of the prominent members of the therapeutic glycoproteins family. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, hCG has never been included in this family or tapped the potential of glycoengineering to make hCG even more therapeutically effective than the currently used preparations. It is time to include hCG in the family and begin glycoengineering on recombinant hormone.

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Novel Concepts in Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproductive Tract Functions

Cited by 16 publications

References 113 publications

Macrophages in Human Reproductive Tissues Contain Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptors

Macrophages in Human Reproductive Tissues Contain Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptors

Expression of LH receptor in nonpregnant mouse endometrium: LH induction of 3β-HSD and de novo synthesis of progesterone

Inclusion of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in the Family of Therapeutic Glycoproteins

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