“…The glue method is still the most frequently used in the latest works. − The additive-free methods, including electrodeposition and in situ assembly/growth, have also been developed. − ZIF-8 and polypyrrole have been coated on the surfaces of stainless steel wires by electrodeposition, and the compact layers with controllable thickness can be obtained by changing the applied voltage and deposition time. , The electrodeposition methods have demonstrated the advantages of simple operation, fast speed, less reagent consumption, and low-temperature requirement. On the other hand, the in situ synthesis of adsorbent on the surface of the SPME core is a popular method, in which the SPME core must be cleaned, activated, and modified.…”