Novel Core Promoter Elements and a Cognate Transcription Factor in the Divergent Unicellular Eukaryote Trichomonas vaginalis

Abstract

A highly conserved DNA initiator (Inr) element has been the only core promoter element described in the divergent unicellular eukaryote Trichomonas vaginalis, although genome analyses reveal that only ϳ75% of protein-coding genes appear to contain an Inr. In search of another core promoter element(s), a nonredundant database containing 5 untranslated regions of expressed T. vaginalis genes was searched for overrepresented DNA motifs and known eukaryotic core promoter elements. In addition to identifying the Inr, two elements that lack sequence similarity to the known protein-coding gene core promoter, motif 3 (M3) and motif 5 (M5), were identified. Mutational and functional analyses demonstrate that both are novel core promoter elements. M3 [(A/G/T)(A/G)C(G/C)G(T/C)T(T/A/G)] resembles a Myb recognition element (MRE) and is bound

The effects of environmental factors on the virulence of Trichomonas vaginalis

“…Genomic studies have identified at least 100 proteins that contain an Inr-binding domain and structures similar to IBP39. Although the specific targets of these proteins are currently unknown, this finding supports the concept of stringent transcriptional regulation in this protist [68,69].…”

“…Motif 1 contains the previously described core promoter sequence of the Inr element, Motif 3 resembles the metazoan MRE element and is recognized by the nuclear protein M3BP, and Motif 5 is reminiscent of the Inr element [68,69] (Fig. 4A).…”

“…This Inr is recognized by transcription factors associated with RNA polymerase II (RNApol II) and is responsible for the selection of the TSS in T. vaginalis cells. Many of the genes involved in virulence exhibit one or two copies of this Inr in which the distal element is usually the functional one [68,69].…”

Regulation of H2O2 Stress-responsive Genes through a Novel Transcription Factor in the Protozoan Pathogen Entamoeba histolytica

“…Enrichment and Identification of EHI_108720-Protein EHI_108720 was isolated using a DNA affinity chromatography technique described previously (39,40). The following doublestranded wild type and mutant biotinylated probes were designed: WT P1, 5Ј-biotinylated ACGTCAGTACACAA-CAAACCTCAATGAAGACAGTACGT-3Ј; mutant P1, 5Ј-biotinylated ACGTCAGTACACAACAGACCATAACTA-AAGCAGTACGT-3Ј.…”

Inducing Immune Protection Against Trichomonas vaginalis: A Novel Vaccine Approach to Prevent HIV Transmission

“…Important information will be derived from this data especially since gene regulation is not well understood and even now novel core promoter elements are being identified (Gomez et al, 2010;Smith et al, 2011) as well as hypothetical surface proteins from proteome analysis (de Miguel et al, 2010). Hypothetical surface proteins are of particular interest for extracellular parasites functioning to establish and maintain infection, and may shed light on current issues of classifying phenotypic differences for variable clinical presentation between hosts (Smith et al, 2011).…”