Novel Deproteinised Natural Rubber Latex Slow-recovery Foam for Health Care and Therapeutic Foam Product Applications

Roslim, R.; Mok, Kok Lang; Rubaizah, M. R. Fatimah; Shamsul, Kamaruddin; Tan, Kim Song; Hashim, M. Y. Amir

doi:10.1007/bf03449175

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…NR foam is a lightweight material with many porous structures, indicating a good compromise between strength and weight [1,2]. NR foam is prepared from both concentrated natural latex and non-latex rubber [3,4]. It has been used for many years to produce many products, such as mattresses, pillows, dolls, cushions, flooring and upholstery foam [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between the Morphology and Elasticity of Natural Rubber Foam Based on the Concentration of the Chemical Blowing Agent

et al. 2021

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Concentrated natural latex was used to produce a rubber foam that is porous, elastic and well ventilated. The mechanical properties can be either soft or firm, depending on the formulation of the latex used. Briefly, concentrated natural latex was mixed with chemical agents to make the rubber foam on a laboratory scale using the Dunlop process. In this work, we changed the concentration of the chemical blowing agent in the latex. The morphological properties of the rubber foam were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, and the mechanical properties, or elasticity, were studied using compression experiments and the Mooney–Rivlin calculation. The results show that the concentration of the chemical blowing agent affects the morphological properties of the rubber foam but not the mechanical properties, indicating the heterogeneous structure of the rubber foam. The thermodynamic parameters (∆G and ∆S) and the internal energy force per compression force (Fu/F) of the rubber foam with various amounts of chemical blowing agent were also investigated. This study could be applied in the foam industry, particularly for pillow, mattress and insulation materials, as the present work shows the possible novel control of the morphological structure of the rubber foam without changing its mechanical properties. The difference in cell sizes could affect the airflow in rubber foam.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between the Morphology and Elasticity of Natural Rubber Foam Based on the Concentration of the Chemical Blowing Agent

et al. 2021

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“…due to its elasticity, durability and being a natural and biodegradable material. 17,18 Apart from thin films, NR latex also has been used to produce foam material known as latex foam. However, the application of latex foam is limited to bedding products such as mattresses and pillows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19][20][21]36 On the other hand, the advantage of using DPNR latex is due to its low protein content which leads to hypoallergenic material and less smell of rubber. [22][23][24]37 However, there are a few challenges to develop latex foam from SpNR latex. First, physicochemical properties of SpNR latex are expected to be differed from normal NR latex due to chemical reactions during SpNR latex modification process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialty Natural Rubber Latex Foam: Foamability Study and Fabrication Process

Ramli

Chai

et al. 2021

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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Specialty natural rubber (SpNR) latex, namely, deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) latex and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) latex, has been produced to meet specific product's requirements. However, SpNR is normally used in the form of block rubber to manufacture dry rubber products such as tires and automotive parts. The applications of SpNR latex into latex foam products will be diversified. Findings indicate that foamability of SpNR latex is lower compared to normal latex (LATZ) but shows longer stability time after foamed. Findings also indicate that foam collapse and foam coagulate are two main challenges in the fabrication process of SpNR latex foam. Despite these challenges, SpNR latex foam can be fabricated at different density levels. During the foaming process, additional foaming agent is required to fabricate a SpNR latex foam, which is different from fabricating a normal NR latex foam, especially at low latex foam density. Consequently, a higher level of sodium silicofluoride, used as the gelling agent, is required to set the cell structure of the foam. Findings also indicate that foam density influenced the gelling time and volume shrinkage of the SpNR latex foam. An ideal compounding, foaming, and gelling formulation to fabricate SpNR latex foam via Dunlop batch foaming process has been developed. Morphological study showed that all latex foams are open-cell structure, with lower density foam exhibiting higher porosity and mean pore size. Comparison on hysteresis behavior between DPNR and ENR latex foam indicated that ENR latex foam exhibits higher hysteresis loss ratio compared to DPNR latex foam.

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“…In addition, the open cell structure of the slow-recovery material has fluidity, which can slowly adapt to the entire contact surface, thus evenly dispersing the pressure ( Mills et al, 2003 ). It is widely used in various fields of comfort optimization, in seat cushions ( Roslim et al, 2018 ), insoles ( Wang et al, 2017 ), pillows ( Jeon et al, 2014 ), earplugs ( Casali and Park, 1990 ), etc. and has a good performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comfort Evaluation of Slow-Recovery Ejection Seat Cushions Based on Sitting Pressure Distribution

Jiayi

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Sitting discomfort not only affects the health of pilots carrying out long-endurance missions but also affects operational performance. The experimental objects included four ejection seat cushions: N1 was a fast-recovery foam as the comparison group, and the experimental groups were slow-recovery foams with different indentation force deflection (IFD), named N2 (hard), N3 (mid), and N4 (soft). The sitting comfort of 20 participants was tested on the four cushions by using subjective rating and sitting pressure distribution analysis. The results showed that compared with fast-recovery cushion N3 and N4 slow-recovery cushions have lower contact pressure and more uniform pressure distribution. Slow-recovery cushions that were too soft or too hard would reduce the comfort. No matter from the subjective rating or the analysis of the contact pressure data, the N3 cushion with a thickness of 3 cm and 65% IFD of 280 N had the highest comfort. In addition, the seat pressure distribution (SPD%) has a significant correlation with the subjective rating (p = 0.019, R = −0.98), which is more suitable for evaluating the comfort of the cushions. However, the slow-recovery cushions would show a decrease in support after a period of sitting, while the fast-recovery cushion could always maintain constant support.

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Novel Deproteinised Natural Rubber Latex Slow-recovery Foam for Health Care and Therapeutic Foam Product Applications

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

The Relationship between the Morphology and Elasticity of Natural Rubber Foam Based on the Concentration of the Chemical Blowing Agent

The Relationship between the Morphology and Elasticity of Natural Rubber Foam Based on the Concentration of the Chemical Blowing Agent

Specialty Natural Rubber Latex Foam: Foamability Study and Fabrication Process

Comfort Evaluation of Slow-Recovery Ejection Seat Cushions Based on Sitting Pressure Distribution

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