Novel Desalination RO Membranes

Abdelrasoul, Amira; Doan, Huu; Lohi, Ali

doi:10.5772/intechopen.71719

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 70 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…In the last 15years, in much of the world, plants have converted the process of reverse osmotic to use module of fine fiber of polyamide to seawater plants. [12][13][14][15] the economical improvements and the membrane technology enhancement influenced the reduction on the prices of the desalinated water. This reduction was $2.0/m 3 in 1988 to $0.5/m 3 in 2014.…”

Section: S Ssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of residual water by reverse osmosis

Begnini¹

2019

IJH

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Considering the problems related to issue of water resources, this study aims to analyze the wastewater recovery stage of the waste, from the reverse osmosis application, to replenish water in cooling towers. The present study was based on data obtained from industrial process of residual water recovery by reverse osmosis for replacement in cooling tower connected series to a heat exchanger system. Before the system, a daily continuous discharge (purge) of 7.81m³/h was installed, which was required to maintain the silica concentrations inside the specified parameter. After the implementation of the new unit of reverse osmose, it was not necessary to perform a purge, due to the low concentration of solids dissolved in the water used for the replacement of water in the cooling tower. The reverse osmosis treatment of the tailings, in the initial stages, allowed supplying the water demand from the plant from the new system. The osmotic pressures of the processed water ranged from 0.53 to 1.61kPa. These values were considered small due to the low silica concentrations. On average, the mass transfer coefficient was 0.26kg.m-2 h-1 kPa.

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Section: S Ssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of residual water by reverse osmosis

Begnini¹

2019

IJH

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Introductory Chapter: An Overview of Recent Advances in Membrane Technologies

Mollahosseini¹,

Abdelrasoul²

2020

Advances in Membrane Technologies

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Environmental changes, global warming, and inappropriate planning are two sides of the worldwide water shortage coin [1-3]. Figure 1 shows the status of different countries based on water-stressed scenario [4]. Based on United Nations report, more than 2 billion people will experience water scarcity by 2050 [4]. All the previous projections show the vitality of drinking water production and desalination technologies. Currently, there exist two main commercial water-treatment process classes including thermal-based processes (including multistage flash distillation (MSF), vapor compression (VC), and multieffect distillation (MED)) and membrane filtration processes (including reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and related energy recovery devices (ERD)). Thermal processes were more common previously. However, membrane technologies are outweighing the older processes. Main reasons for RO desalination process growth have mentioned to be rapid technical advances along with its simplicity and elegance [5-9]. Despite all advances in the field, fouling in its different types (colloidal matters, organic fouling of natural and synthetic chemicals, inorganic fouling (scaling), and biological fouling (biofouling)) is the remaining issue of industrial membrane processes [9, 10]. Various types of fouling will result in feed pressure increment and higher operational costs, more frequent requirement of chemical cleaning of the modules and shortened lifetime of the membranes. Fouling types happen simultaneously and could affect each other. This is while biofouling is identified as the critical issue as it is imposed to the membrane surface by living and dynamic microbiological cells and viruses. As the biological attachment, division of the cells and colonization on the surface occurs, the microbiological species and the exopolymeric substance produced by them, create resistance to antimicrobial treatments and the resulted biofouling starts to impose bio-corrosion and lowering the performance of the system [11]. Exposure of the membrane systems to feed's biological contamination highly depends on the environmental factors of the feed itself (nutrient content, available biological species, temperature, light, turbidity, and currents (tides and waves)) [12]. Items under feed water and microorganism classes are related to the microorganism proliferation and conditions supporting their existence. This is while main efforts over process enhancement and modification of membranes are attributed to the membrane-specific properties such as composition and surface structure-characteristics (classified under the title of membrane properties). Apparently, the issue of biofouling could own various levels of severity in different locations. Biofouling is mentioned to be responsible for 45% of the overall fouling that occurred in nanofiltration (NF) and RO plants [13-16].

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Novel Desalination RO Membranes

Cited by 2 publications

References 70 publications

Processing of residual water by reverse osmosis

Processing of residual water by reverse osmosis

Introductory Chapter: An Overview of Recent Advances in Membrane Technologies

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