Novel diagnostic ELISA test for discrimination between infections with Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Abstract

Yersiniosis is a foodborne infection caused by Yersinia enterocolitica or Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Although yersiniosis is most often self-limiting, some patients develop chronic infections, such as reactive arthritis, glomerulonephritis, or myocarditis, which require an antibiotic treatment. Whereas early infections can be diagnosed by direct detection of bacteria, chronic infections can only be identified by serological tests. At this point, a serological method for differentiation between infections with the two Yersinia species is important since antibiotic susceptibility of these bacteria is different. Traditional immunoassays do not distinguish between infections with Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis. The only test that allows for this differentiation is Mikrogen's strip test where discrimination between the two types of infection is based on two recombinant bacterial proteins, MyfA and PsaA (specific for Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis, respectively). Here, we show that Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis, cultured under the conditions that mimic the natural rout of infection, express surface antigens different from MyfA and PsaA that can also be used in a discrimination test. Further, we describe a new ELISA that is based on the whole bacteria and recombinant MyfA and PsaA as antigens, and that allows the differentiation between infections with Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis and simultaneous detection of yersiniosis.

Pathogenic <i>Yersinia</i> species

“…U osób immunokompetentnych jersinioza najczęściej ulega samowyleczeniu, jednak może dojść do komplikacji w postaci przewlekłego bólu stawów, zapalenia stawów oraz objawów wielonarządowych, takich jak zapalenie tęczówki i ciała rzęskowego, przewlekłe bóle układu żołądkowo-jelitowego, zaburzenia nerwowe, zapalenie nerek, zaburzenia tarczycy, cukrzyca, zapalenie wątroby, zapalenie mięśnia sercowego lub posocznica. U osób z zaburzoną odpornością (chorych na AIDS lub przechodzących transplantację) oraz z chorobami towarzyszącymi (cukrzyca, marskość wątroby) jersinioza może zakończyć się śmiercią [8].…”

φYeO3-12 phage tail fiber Gp17 as a promising high specific tool for recognition of Yersinia enterocolitica pathogenic serotype O:3

“…Yersiniosis is typically an enteric disease and signs may include diarrhea, weight loss, severe abdominal pain, dehydration, and bloody feces (Watkins and Fredman, 2020 ; Triantafillidi et al, 2020 ). In all countries, the infection rate is most likely much higher since only serious cases are registered, and for many reasons the infections may be overlooked (Wielkoszynski et al, 2018 ). The bacteria of genus Yersinia are Gram-negative coccobacilli that belong to the Enterobacterales order, Yersiniaceae family.…”

“…Typically, serotypes O:3, O:8, O:9, and O:5, 27 have been associated with virulence and cause most of the infections. In addition, there is a geographical distribution; serotypes O:4, O:8, O:13a/b, O:18, O:20, and O:21 are prevalent in USA, while serotypes O:3 and O:9 dominate in Europe and Japan (Wielkoszynski et al, 2018 ; Simonova et al, 2007 ). The serotypes are sometimes described as bio/serotypes such as 4/O:3.…”

Selection of potential aptamers for specific growth stage detection of Yersinia enterocolitica

“…[16][17][18][19][20] According to a report in China, among $30% of the ready to eat food samples were found positive. 9,21,22 Various conventional approaches, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 23 enzyme-linked immunochromatographic assay (ELISA), 24 and culture methods, 7 have been commonly employed to detect Y. enterocolitica. Although these methods have been reported, most of them are complicated, timeconsuming, and unreliable due to their complexity, operating conditions, and cost.…”