Novel District Heating Systems: Methods and Simulation Results

Huber, D.A.; Illyés, Viktoria; Turewicz, Veronika; Götzl, Gregor; Hammer, Andreas; Ponweiser, Karl

doi:10.3390/en14154450

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…renewable ones) and ensure the high efficiency and reliability of heating supplied to consumers. This stage of technological transformation in heat supply corresponds to the so-called 4th generation DHS [15][16][17][18][19]. The sector of distributed generation of a DDHS is formed, first of all, at the level of prosumers [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Unpredictable Behavior of Energy Facilities to Ensure Reliable Operation in a Cyber-Physical System

Postnikov,

Samarkina,

Penkovskii

et al. 2023

Energies

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This research focuses on exploring various techniques and models for simulating the random behavior of energy facilities or systems. These simulations are essential in identifying the likelihood of component failures within the studied facilities. By assessing the potential consequences of emergency scenarios, this analysis serves as a fundamental aspect of synthesizing and analyzing reliability in the cyber-physical system. Ultimately, the study aims to enhance the management and control of reliability and safety for these facilities. In this study, a unified heating source is considered as an energy facility (as part of district heating systems), for example, a combined heat and power plant. However, the developed methods and models have sufficient universality for their adaptation to other energy facilities without significant changes. The research methodology is based on the use of Markov random processes and laws of the probability theory. The basic model of the energy facilities is formulated for the conditions of the simplest events flow with appropriate assumptions and constraints, in particular, ordinary events and independence of events (failures and restorations). To take into account the non-ordinary events (failures) and dependences between some failures, corresponding modifications of the basic model are proposed. A computational experiment was carried out using the developed models, and graphical interpretations of the results are presented. The obtained results allow us to formulate some preliminary conclusions about the range of influence of the simulated factors on the reliability analysis of studied facilities and to outline conditions and areas of their admissible application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Unpredictable Behavior of Energy Facilities to Ensure Reliable Operation in a Cyber-Physical System

Postnikov,

Samarkina,

Penkovskii

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…Furthermore, optimisation models have been applied, for example, to find the optimal dispatching strategy on varying the heat source, minimising the operational costs and sizing thermal solar panels, thermal plants and the optimal storage capacity [22]. Finally, in [23] the TEGSim tool was developed to design and simulate ultra-low-temperature DHNS with hydraulic and thermal components; the tool is composed of two parts, a quasi-stationary hydraulic calculation and a transient thermal calculation. Besides the optimisation tools, to optimal sizing a DHN and the connected heat production system, the knowledge of the heat demand profile during the whole year is fundamental.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies describe accurate models of the investigated problems (e.g., in [17]), but perform a steadystate analysis and, thus, neglect the transients. The models that include hydraulic and thermal dynamic analysis do not account for environmental and economic aspects [23]. Or, again, other tools do not have a general scope of application, because they can be applied to particular typologies of networks, such as solar district heating, as in [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient District Heating in a Decarbonisation Perspective: A Case Study in Italy

et al. 2022

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The European and national regulations in the decarbonisation path towards 2050 promote district heating in achieving the goals of efficiency, energy sustainability, use of renewables, and reduction of fossil fuel use. Improved management and optimisation, use of RES, and waste heat/cold sources decrease the overall demand for primary energy, a condition that is further supported by building renovations and new construction of under (almost) zero energy buildings, with a foreseeable decrease in the temperature of domestic heating systems. Models for the simulation of efficient thermal networks were implemented and described in this paper, together with results from a real case study in Italy, i.e., University Campus of Parma. Activities include the creation and validation of calculation codes and specific models in the Modelica language (Dymola software), aimed at investigating stationary regimes and dynamic behaviour as well. An indirect heat exchange substation was coupled with a resistive-capacitive model, which describes the building behaviour and the thermal exchanges by the use of thermos-physical parameters. To optimise indoor comfort conditions and minimise consumption, dynamic simulations were carried out for different operating sets: modulating the supply temperature in the plant depending on external conditions (Scenario 4) decreases the supplied thermal energy (−2.34%) and heat losses (−8.91%), even if a lower temperature level results in higher electricity consumption for pumping (+12.96%), the total energy consumption is reduced by 1.41%. A simulation of the entire heating season was performed for the optimised scenario, combining benefits from turning off the supply in the case of no thermal demand (Scenario 3) and from the modulation of the supply temperature (Scenario 4), resulting in lower energy consumption (the thermal energy supplied by the power plant −3.54%, pumping +7.76%), operating costs (−2.40), and emissions (−3.02%). The energy balance ex-ante and ex-post deep renovation in a single user was then assessed, showing how lowering the network operating temperature at 55 °C decreases the supplied thermal energy (−22.38%) and heat losses (−22.11%) with a slightly higher pumping consumption (+3.28%), while maintaining good comfort conditions. These promising results are useful for evaluating the application of low-temperature operations to the existing district heating networks, especially for large interventions of building renovation, and confirm their potential contribution to the energy efficiency targets.

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“…Initially, ULTDH was defined as an evolution from LTDH systems, where the limit of direct supply temperature (still with no booster HPs) was pushed to the lowest possible value (T sup = 40-45 • C) [106,107]. More recently, other authors assimilate ULTDH as 5GDHC networks, where decentralized HPs are an intrinsic part of such concepts [108,109]. Although it is accurate to equate the terms LTDH and 4GDH, it is not so with ULTDH and 5GDHC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling Networks Based on Shallow Geothermal Energy: A review and Possible Solutions for Mediterranean Europe

et al. 2022

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This document presents a comprehensive review of research works, regulatory frameworks, technical solutions, and commercial trends related to the integration of shallow geothermal energy (SGE) technologies in modern 5th-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) networks. This literature and market analysis is contextualized by the present geopolitical, environmental, and societal scenario in Europe. In this sense, decarbonization of the heating and cooling sector is a crucial piece in the energy transition puzzle to keep global warming below the critical threshold of 1.5 °C by the next century. Moreover, Ukraine war has added urgency to end up with fossil fuel dependency. The most relevant outcome of this literature review is the synergistic relationship between SGE, 5GDHC networks, and urban environments. SGE is most efficiently deployed in urban environments when it is part of a district heating and cooling network, and the modern concept of 5GDHC is the most suitable scenario for it. Since the potential contribution of SGE to the decarbonization of the heating and cooling supply is mostly untapped across Europe, this synergistic effect represents a possible boost. Hybridization with solar photovoltaics and/or storage makes it even more attractive. Outstanding cases are reviewed, challenges for the future are presented, and tools to overcome social reluctance and/or lack of awareness are described, along with a discussion of the stimuli for the deployment of SGE and 5GDHC networks. A particular focus on Mediterranean countries is presented, where SGE systems and DHC networks of any kind show a particularly low deployment compared to the rest of Europe. To this end, the second part of this work evaluates, justifies, and analyzes the possibilities and potentialities of their application in this zone.

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Novel District Heating Systems: Methods and Simulation Results

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Modeling Unpredictable Behavior of Energy Facilities to Ensure Reliable Operation in a Cyber-Physical System

Modeling Unpredictable Behavior of Energy Facilities to Ensure Reliable Operation in a Cyber-Physical System

Efficient District Heating in a Decarbonisation Perspective: A Case Study in Italy

Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling Networks Based on Shallow Geothermal Energy: A review and Possible Solutions for Mediterranean Europe

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