“…How REP can be improved and refined is still investigated today, for instance with additional medium complements (IL-7, IL-15, anti-CD28 antibodies) but also pre-stimulation with a mix of peptides focusing on pp65 protein, leading to higher proliferation rates in the same culture vessel (Grau-Vorster et al, 2020) (G-Rex flask, see section 7.2). Recent alternatives also include for instance scaffolds mimicking the physiological signal of T cell activation (Zhang et al, 2020), DNAbased platforms to present anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies (Keskar et al, 2020) or bispecific antibodies (Guo et al, 2020).…”